List of top Questions asked in CUET (UG)

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Major Chandra, an infantry soldier, was posted in the border area with his unit. One day, an informer gave a message that terrorists have entered in a school and are threating to blow it,if some of their terrorist prisoners are not released. The major entered the school premises along with other soldiers, but was shocked to see the terrorists armed with the latest weapons. Soon the firing started, as the terrorists had an advantageous position so they immediately shot down a few soldiers without caring for their life. Major Chandra entered the school and started firing which led to killing of the terrorists and he got badly injured. Though the Major has recovered, still he gets flashback and recurring nightmares.

Oilseeds scenario of India
India is next to the USA, China, and Brazil in vegetable oils production. Areas and production of oilseeds crops is next to food crops. India accounts for 14% of the world’s oilseeds area, 8% of the world’s oilseeds output, and 11% of the world’s edible oils consumption. India grows nine field oilseeds crops, of which linseed and castor are non-edible. In the edible oilseeds crops, soybean has the highest acreage followed by rapeseed-mustard, groundnut, sesame, safflower, sunflower, and niger. India is not self-sufficient in oilseeds production, and 50% of the requirement of vegetable oils is met through imports. Of the total import, about 60% is palm oil. Among the states, Madhya Pradesh ranks at the top in the area and production of vegetables oils, followed by Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Andhra Pradesh. Oilseeds occupy about 13-14% of the gross cropped area and account for nearly 1.4% to gross national product and 7% of the value of all agricultural commodities.

Mandarin orange-Fruit Crop
Mandarin oranges (Botanical name - Citrus reticulata, Family - Rutaceae), commonly known as Santra, are the most refreshing and health-promoting juicy fruits. Besides Vitamin C, it is an excellent source of pectin and certain essential oils. The juice is advised to patients. Subtropical and tropical climates are required for the growth of santra. The trees grow luxuriantly in 1.5 m deep well-drained soils free from excess salts and having adequate content of organic matter. The important varieties are Nagpur santra (Maharashtra), Khansi mandarin (Assam), Coorg mandarin (Karnataka), Kinnow (Punjab), Emperor, Hill orange, Mudkhed seedless, and Honey (for kitchen gardening). Santra are commercially propagated by shield or ‘T’ budding on rootstocks like jamberi or rangpur lime. Average yield is 80 to 160 fruits per tree.

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There are two types of institutions which have in-house laundry and maintenance setups i.e., within their organisation. These are hotels and hospitals. Both have a large quantum of bed linen and other room furnishing requirements as also staff uniforms and accessories such as aprons, caps, head dresses, and masks.
The hospital laundry takes care of hygiene, cleanliness, and disinfection. However, a number of hospitals have started using disposables where there is a threat of infection, which are then destroyed by burning. In the hospitality sector, i.e., for hotels and restaurants, aesthetics and the final finish of the articles are most important. As compared to hospitals, the articles here may be of different fibre contents. Final finishing of laundered goods, i.e., starching, ironing, pressing, and correct and perfect folding, are emphasised. They also have to take care of guests’ personal laundry when required. The smaller hotels may have link-ups with commercial laundries from outside.

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RRE was a nationwide communication campaign for generating awareness about HIV/AIDS. The aim of the campaign was to spread information regarding primary prevention services, develop an understanding of the disease, reduce stigma and discrimination against people with AIDS and enhance people’s knowledge about the preventive measures, health habits, and lifestyle.
A specially designed train traversed over 9000 km a year covering 180 districts/halt stations, and held programmes and activities in 43,200 villages. It comprised seven coaches, equipped with educational material, interactive touch screens and 3-D models, services in the context of HIV-TB co-infection, an LCD projector and platform for folk performances, counselling cabins and two doctor’s cabins for providing counselling and treatment. RRE started its journey from Kanyakumari, followed the ’parikrama’ style and halted at 180 stations and covered almost all the states of India. During the halt at each station, performing artists including orators and performers went to different villages to undertake information communication activities such as street plays, folk songs, stories, and group counselling sessions.
The project was implemented by National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO), Nehru Yuva Sangathan (NYKS), UNICEF and UNAIDS in co-operation with Indian Railways.

Who among the following comprehended and explained that young children have different ways of understanding the world, due to which they need a supportive environment?

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We should keep in mind that the membership of the UN Security Council was expanded from 11 to 15 in 1965. But there was no change in the number of permanent numbers. Since then, the size of the Council has remained stationary. The fact remains that the overwhelming majority of the UN General Assembly members now are developing countries. Therefore, India argues that they should also have a role in shaping the decisions in the Secuirty Council which affect them.
India supports an increase in the number of both permanent and non-permanent members. Its representative have argued that the activities of the Security Council have greatly expanded in the past few years. The success of the Security Council's actions depends upon the political support of the international community . Any plan restructuring of the Security Council should, therefore, be broad -based. For example the Security Council should have more developing countries in it.
Not surprisingly, India itself also wishes to be a permanent member in a restructured UN.

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON INDIA, CHINA, AND PAKISTAN India, China, and Pakistan have traveled more than seven decades of developmental path with varied results. Till the late 1970s, all of them were maintaining the same level of low development. The last three decades have taken these countries to different levels. India, with democratic institutions, performed moderately, but the majority of its people still depend on agriculture. India has taken many initiatives to develop the infrastructure and improve the standard of living. Scholars are of the opinion that political instability, over-dependence on remittances and foreign aid along with volatile performance of the agriculture sector are the reasons for the slowdown of the Pakistan economy. Yet, in the last five years, many macroeconomic indicators began showing positive and moderate growth rates reflecting the economic recovery. In China, the lack of political freedom and its implications for human rights are major concerns; yet, in the last four decades, it used the ’market system without losing political commitment’ and succeeded in raising the level of growth along with alleviation of poverty. Which of the following is not true about the Chinese Economy in the last few decades?

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Money is the commonly accepted medium of exchange. The first and foremost role of money is that it acts as a medium of exchange. Economic exchanges without the mediation of money are referred to as barter exchanges. The central bank has several important functions. It issues the currency of the country. India got its central bank in 1935. Its name is the ’Reserve Bank of India.’ It controls money supply of the country through various methods, like bank rate, open market operations, and variations in reserve ratios. It acts as a banker to the government. It is the custodian of the foreign exchange reserves of the economy. It also acts as a bank to the banking system. Currency issued by the Central Bank can be held by the public or by the commercial banks and is called the ’high-powered money’ or ’reserve money’ or ’monetary base’ as it acts as a basis for credit creation.

Humans are sexually reproducing and viviparous. The male reproductive system is composed of a pair of testes, the male sex accessory ducts, the accessory glands, and external genitalia. The female reproductive system consists of a pair of ovaries, a pair of oviducts, a uterus, a vagina, external genitalia, and a pair of mammary glands. The reproductive cycle of female primates is called the menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle starts only after attaining sexual maturation (puberty). Coitus followed by fertilization leads to the formation of a zygote. After 9 months of pregnancy, the fully developed foetus is ready for delivery.

There is no natural habitat on earth known that is inhabited just by a single species. For any species, the minimal requirement is one more species on which it can feed. Even a plant species, which makes its own food, cannot survive alone and needs soil microbes to break down the organic matter in soil and return the inorganic nutrients for absorption. It is obvious that in nature, animals, plants, and microbes do not and cannot live in isolation but interact in various ways to form a biological community.

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People these days love to dress up well in order to look presentable in society. To keep up with the changing times, people upgrade their style according to the latest trends in the market. Women are particularly inclined towards following fashion and thus keep a tab on the latest trends. Women’s fashion is a dynamic and ever-evolving realm that reflects the diversity and creativity of modern style. From elegant evening gowns to casual chic ensembles, the world of women’s wear offers a plethora of choices to suit every taste and occasion. Designers continually push boundaries, blending classic silhouettes with innovative fabrics and bold patterns to create unique and captivating pieces. Women’s wear in fashion encompasses a wide array of categories that cater to diverse styles and preferences, from traditional Indian ethnic wear to contemporary Western clothing.
In recent trends, we see a resurgence of vintage-inspired looks, with nods to the glamour of past eras reimagined for the contemporary woman. Sustainable fashion practices are also gaining momentum, with eco-friendly materials and ethical production methods becoming more prevalent in the industry.

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Draping is one of the initial forms of clothing as in ancient times, people used to drape fabric or other material around their body to protect and cover themselves. Prevalence of draping has been witnessed since 3500 BC, as part of the Egyptian culture, Roman clothing, Mesopotamian, Greek fashion, Vedic period etc., through sculptures, cave paintings, wood
carvings, and other antique pieces.
Draping has been a hallmark of famous designers such as Madame Gres, Pauline Trig ` ere, and ` Madeleine Vionnet, each known for their unique approaches to draping garments directly on live models or miniature mannequins. In modern fashion, draping is essential for designers as it allows them to experiment with fabric, understand its behavior, and create new designs by manipulating fabric on a dress form. Draping techniques like bias draping, flat pattern draping, and couture draping offer designers the flexibility to achieve different fits, styles, and textures in their garments.
Overall, draping as a method of clothing design is a creative and essential technique that enables designers to bring their designs to life in a three-dimensional form, offering a more hands-on and intuitive approach to garment creation.

What is the purpose of a Domain Name System (DNS) Server in networking?

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Demographic transition theory can be used to describe and predict the future population of any area. The theory tells us that the population of any region changes from high births and high deaths to low births and low deaths as society progresses from rural agrarian and illiterate to urban industrial and literate society. These changes occur in stages which are collectively known as the demographic cycle. In the first stage, there are high fertility and high mortality because people reproduce more to compensate for the deaths due to epidemics and variable food supply. The population growth is slow and most of the people are engaged in agriculture where large families are an asset. Life expectancy is low, people are mostly illiterate and have low levels of technology. Two hundred years ago all the countries of the world were in this stage. Fertility remains high in the beginning of the second stage but it declines with time. This is accompanied by a reduced mortality rate. Improvements in sanitation and health
conditions lead to a decline in mortality. Because of this gap, the net addition to the population is high. In the last stage, both fertility and mortality decline considerably. The population is either stable or grows slowly. The population becomes urbanised, literate and has high technical know-how and deliberately controls family size. This shows that human beings are extremely flexible and are able to adjust their fertility. In the present day, different countries are at different stages of demographic transition.

Greater is the stability of the substituted ammonium cation, stronger should be the corre sponding amine as a base. Thus, the order of basicity of aliphatic amines should be: primary ¿ secondary ¿ tertiary, which is opposite to the inductive effect-based order. Secondly, when the alkyl group is small, like the-CH₃ group, there is no steric hindrance to H-bonding. In case the alkyl group is bigger than the-CH₃ group, there will be steric hindrance to H-bonding. Therefore, the change of nature of the alkyl group, e.g., from-CH₃ to-C₂H₅ results in a change of the order of basic strength. Thus, there is a subtle interplay of the inductive effect, solvation effect, and steric hindrance of the alkyl group which decides the basic strength of alkyl amines in the aqueous medium.

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Gen-X enterprises is the company producing and selling cell phones. After earning reasonable profits for a few years, the company planned to venture into the following areas to serve the existing customer in the same manner as it has been doing for the last decade.
(a) Computer education
(b) Organising elephant race
(c) Spreading information about family planning
(d) Organising mountaineering treks

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A finance manager in an outlet raised Rs. 3.5 crore through a mix of debt and equity in a ratio of 4:3 to open a new outlet, but the actual amount required was Rs. 3 crore. The aim of the finance manager is to maximize the shareholder’s wealth. Keeping this in mind, he reinvested the excess amount of Rs. 50 lakh in a fixed deposit carrying 6% interest p.a. while the cost of capital is 10% p.a.

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The clustered rural settlement is a compact or closely built-up area of houses. In this type of village, the general living area is distinct and separated from the surrounding farms, barns, and pastures. The closely built-up area and its intervening streets present some recognisable pattern or geometric shape, such as rectangular, radial, linear, etc. Such settlements are generally found in fertile alluvial plains and in the northeastern states. Sometimes, people live in compact villages for security or defence reasons, such as in the Bundelkhand region of central India and in Nagaland. In Rajasthan, scarcity of water has necessitated compact settlement for maximum utilisation of available water resources. Fragmented settlement types may result from segregation of a large compact village or from the tendency of clustering in a restricted area of dispersed settlements.
Dispersed or isolated settlement pattern in India appears in the form of isolated huts or hamlets of few huts in remote jungles, or on small hills with farms or pasture on the slopes. Extreme dispersion of settlement is often caused by the extremely fragmented nature of the terrain and land resource base of habitable areas. Many areas of Meghalaya, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, and Kerala have this type of settlement.

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Milkha Singh was born in 1929 in Gobindpura village in the Muzaffargarh district of Pakistan. He spent most of his childhood in poverty. Singh lost his 14 siblings to poverty, poor health and lack of medical attention. During the 1947 partition, he became an orphan and moved to India. He earned his living by working in a roadside restaurant before joining the army in 1951. During his military training, he realised his sprinting abilities. Hawaldar Gurudev Singh persuaded him to run a cross-country race as a part of military training. He practiced hard and came to the limelight during the National Games at Patiala in 1956. He broke the 200m and 400m records in the National Games at Cuttack in 1958. From running three miles ranging from running the first mile slowly and then increasing pace each mile before his training in the off season schedule, Singh would run three 400m races followed by one slow-paced 200m race followed by three 400m races fast followed by another 200m race slowly in the morning. During the season schedule, 10 sprints of 150m on Mondays, six 200m sprints on Tuesdays, four 300m sprints on Wednesdays, two 500m sprints once on Saturdays followed by complete rest on Sunday.
He is the only athlete to win a gold medal in the 400 meters race at the Commonwealth Games and the Asian Games. Milkha Singh set a National Record in the 1960 Olympics by winning fourth place in the 400m race in 45.73 seconds. This record remained for almost 40 years. In his sports career, Padma Shree Milkha Singh achieved many medals, including the gold medal in 200 meters in the 1958 Asian Games, 400 meters in the 1958 Asian Games, 440 yards in the 1958 Asian Games, 400 meters in the 1962 Asian Games, the 4x400-meter relay in the 1962 Asian Games, and silver in 400 meters in the 1964 Calcutta National Games. Apart from these achievements, in 1960, he was persuaded by then Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru to run against Abdul Khaliq in Pakistan, whom he defeated. He then re- ceived the title of ”The Flying Sikh” by General Ayub.

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Man is a social animal and always social by nature. This social nature has a great impact on physical activities. Sports and physical activities can also be considered as cultural heritage of mankind. Understanding the many factors that influence physical activity may help im- prove the effectiveness of physical activity intervention programmes. Research suggests that the effectiveness of programs should be maximized when participant’s confidence about their ability to continue physical activities is nurtured. They enjoy the activities they have chosen, receive encouragement and assistance from the other people in their lives, and reside in a supportive environment that provides convenient, attractive, and safe places for physical activity. A person becomes active on a regular basis by participation in physical activity, but some personality traits are inherited. No social influences on physical activity are strong for people of all ages, but the nature of the support varies with development level. Remarkably, social support for adults can come from friends, co-workers, or family members in the form of encouragement, participation in physical activities, and providing assistance, such as child care.
For adolescents, the influence of peers is of great importance. But development is possible only through the means of co-operation, competition, and enthusiasm. Within the competitive structure of many physical activities and sports experiences, there are countless opportunities for teaching important social values. For example-winning, losing, success, failure, rejection, anxiety, fair play, acceptance, friendship, cooperation, etc.

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On September 30, 2001, I (Dr APJ Abdul Kalam) found myself on a journey from Ranchi to Bokaro in Jharkhand. The helicopter carrying me crashed just before landing, its engine failing with a thud upon impact. Miraculously, all on board escaped unharmed. Grateful to God, I proceeded with my scheduled programme in Bokaro, unfazed by the incident. That night, doctors suggested a tranquilliser to ease perceived shock, leading to an early and disturbed sleep, filled with contemplation.
Amidst this intense dream, I stood in a moonlit desert with five revered figures: Mahatma Gandhi, Albert Einstein, Emperor Asoka, Abraham Lincoln, and Caliph Omar. Asoka’s reflection on the Kalinga war symbolised a shift from conquest to compassion, inspiring a doctrine of non-violence, Ahimsa Dharma.
In this profound dream-conversation, these figures shared wisdom on humanity’s deep divisions caused by violence. They emphasised peace, equality, and the significance of ethical values in human consciousness. Asoka, having witnessed the consequences of his victories, highlighted the futility of causing suffering and the triumph of a peaceful kingdom.
Awakening from this vivid dream, I contemplated the contrasting forces of good and destruction in the world. The challenges faced by humanity, from conflicts to natural disasters and terrorism, prompted deep reflection. Yet, despite these challenges, I held a determined belief
in finding an everlasting solution.
Motivated by this dream and a desire to contribute to the greater good, I made a significant decision. Shifting focus from my scientific career, awards, and teams, I aimed to discover India’s true essence in its children. This marked a transcendence of personal achievements, emphasising the importance of nurturing enlightened individuals and fostering the inner, higher self in the youth. My commitment was to contribute to the enduring intelligence of India through meaningful interaction with joyous, young minds.
APJ Abdul Kalam ’Ignited Minds’

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Five a Day
A new study backs up the long-standing nutritional guideline that consuming five daily servings of a variety of fruits and vegetables is linked to longevity. People who daily consumed specifically two fruits and three vegetables had a 12 per cent lower risk of death from car- diovascular disease, a 10 per cent lower risk from cancer, and a 35 per cent lower risk from respiratory disease, compared with people who ate just two daily servings.
One ’serving’ is 125 millilitres of any vegetables or fruits, or 250 millilitres of salad greens. You get the same beneficial vitamins, minerals and fibre in both, but vegetables are lower in calories and sugar, which is why the guidelines recommend higher consumption levels for them. The findings included two studies of more than 1,00,000 American men and women who were followed for up to 30 years. Those studies were then added to 24 other studies from across the globe to conduct one large meta-analysis on more than 1.8 million participants. Variety is the key, because different fruits and vegetables contain different beneficial nutrients and antioxidants. Almost all fruits and vegetables were associated with lower mortality, but there were exceptions. Fruit juices and starchy vegetables such as peas, corn, and potatoes were not associated with reduced risk of death or chronic diseases. It may be due to their higher glycaemic load.
Your five daily servings can be met from a variety of fresh, frozen or canned fruits and vegetables, whether conventional or organic. Whichever options are available, affordable, and appealing are good choices.
Studies show that freezing and canning preserves nutrients, which makes these foods even more nutrient-dense than their fresh counterparts. They are good options for people whose barriers to consuming enough servings per day include the high cost, low access, poor quality and lack of variety of fresh fruits and vegetables.