List of top Questions asked in CUET (UG)

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below:
Money is the commonly accepted medium of exchange. The first and foremost role of money is that it acts as a medium of exchange. Economic exchanges without the mediation of money are referred to as barter exchanges. The central bank has several important functions. It issues the currency of the country. India got its central bank in 1935. Its name is the ’Reserve Bank of India.’ It controls money supply of the country through various methods, like bank rate, open market operations, and variations in reserve ratios. It acts as a banker to the government. It is the custodian of the foreign exchange reserves of the economy. It also acts as a bank to the banking system. Currency issued by the Central Bank can be held by the public or by the commercial banks and is called the ’high-powered money’ or ’reserve money’ or ’monetary base’ as it acts as a basis for credit creation.

Humans are sexually reproducing and viviparous. The male reproductive system is composed of a pair of testes, the male sex accessory ducts, the accessory glands, and external genitalia. The female reproductive system consists of a pair of ovaries, a pair of oviducts, a uterus, a vagina, external genitalia, and a pair of mammary glands. The reproductive cycle of female primates is called the menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle starts only after attaining sexual maturation (puberty). Coitus followed by fertilization leads to the formation of a zygote. After 9 months of pregnancy, the fully developed foetus is ready for delivery.

There is no natural habitat on earth known that is inhabited just by a single species. For any species, the minimal requirement is one more species on which it can feed. Even a plant species, which makes its own food, cannot survive alone and needs soil microbes to break down the organic matter in soil and return the inorganic nutrients for absorption. It is obvious that in nature, animals, plants, and microbes do not and cannot live in isolation but interact in various ways to form a biological community.

What is the purpose of a Domain Name System (DNS) Server in networking?

Greater is the stability of the substituted ammonium cation, stronger should be the corre sponding amine as a base. Thus, the order of basicity of aliphatic amines should be: primary ¿ secondary ¿ tertiary, which is opposite to the inductive effect-based order. Secondly, when the alkyl group is small, like the-CH₃ group, there is no steric hindrance to H-bonding. In case the alkyl group is bigger than the-CH₃ group, there will be steric hindrance to H-bonding. Therefore, the change of nature of the alkyl group, e.g., from-CH₃ to-C₂H₅ results in a change of the order of basic strength. Thus, there is a subtle interplay of the inductive effect, solvation effect, and steric hindrance of the alkyl group which decides the basic strength of alkyl amines in the aqueous medium.

Consider the following passage and answer the questions.
Gen-X enterprises is the company producing and selling cell phones. After earning reasonable profits for a few years, the company planned to venture into the following areas to serve the existing customer in the same manner as it has been doing for the last decade.
(a) Computer education
(b) Organising elephant race
(c) Spreading information about family planning
(d) Organising mountaineering treks

Read the following passage and answer the questions.
A finance manager in an outlet raised Rs. 3.5 crore through a mix of debt and equity in a ratio of 4:3 to open a new outlet, but the actual amount required was Rs. 3 crore. The aim of the finance manager is to maximize the shareholder’s wealth. Keeping this in mind, he reinvested the excess amount of Rs. 50 lakh in a fixed deposit carrying 6% interest p.a. while the cost of capital is 10% p.a.

Read the passage carefully and answer the question given below by selecting the correct option:
Five a Day
A new study backs up the long-standing nutritional guideline that consuming five daily servings of a variety of fruits and vegetables is linked to longevity. People who daily consumed specifically two fruits and three vegetables had a 12 per cent lower risk of death from car- diovascular disease, a 10 per cent lower risk from cancer, and a 35 per cent lower risk from respiratory disease, compared with people who ate just two daily servings.
One ’serving’ is 125 millilitres of any vegetables or fruits, or 250 millilitres of salad greens. You get the same beneficial vitamins, minerals and fibre in both, but vegetables are lower in calories and sugar, which is why the guidelines recommend higher consumption levels for them. The findings included two studies of more than 1,00,000 American men and women who were followed for up to 30 years. Those studies were then added to 24 other studies from across the globe to conduct one large meta-analysis on more than 1.8 million participants. Variety is the key, because different fruits and vegetables contain different beneficial nutrients and antioxidants. Almost all fruits and vegetables were associated with lower mortality, but there were exceptions. Fruit juices and starchy vegetables such as peas, corn, and potatoes were not associated with reduced risk of death or chronic diseases. It may be due to their higher glycaemic load.
Your five daily servings can be met from a variety of fresh, frozen or canned fruits and vegetables, whether conventional or organic. Whichever options are available, affordable, and appealing are good choices.
Studies show that freezing and canning preserves nutrients, which makes these foods even more nutrient-dense than their fresh counterparts. They are good options for people whose barriers to consuming enough servings per day include the high cost, low access, poor quality and lack of variety of fresh fruits and vegetables.

Read the given passage carefully and answer the next five questions.
In many ways it was a major political change, namely, the collapse of the erstwhile socialist world that hastened globalisation and also gave a specific economic and political approach to the economic policies that underpin globalisation. These changes are often termed as neo-liberal economic measures. We have already seen what concrete steps the liberalisation policy took in India. Broadly, these policies reflect a political vision of free enterprise which believes that a free reign to market forces will be both efficient and fair. It is, therefore, critical of both State regulation and State subsidies. The existing process of Globalisation in this sense does have a political vision as much as an economic vision.

Read the given passage carefully and answer the next five questions.
My grandfather, like most Nagas who had come into close contact with Europeans, was convinced that education was the only way to get ahead in life. He aspired for his children the kind of life he had seen being lived by the British administration and missionaries. He sent my mother away to school, first in neighbouring Assam, then as far as Shimla. My mother was encouraged by one of the more educated men in her village who told her that with an education in these new times, she could even become like the Indian lady who spoke before the world : Vijaylaxmi Pandit, who represented India at the UN. My father by dint of his own intelligence and hard work, put himself through the local mission school and college in Shillong. All Nagas of my parents' generation who were able to, chose to get educated in English. For them, it was more than a gateway to upward mobility. In a region where tribes that live no more than 20 kms apart speak completely different languages, it was a medium through which they could communicate amongst themselves and with the world. They became the voice of their people and made English the official state language.

Although Harappa was the first site to be discovered, it was badly destroyed by brick robbers. As early as 1875, Alexander Cunningham, the first Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India, often called the father of Indian archaeology, noted that the amount of bricks taken from the ancient site was enough to lay bricks for ”about 100 miles” of the railway line between Lahore and Multan. Thus, many of the ancient structures at the site were damaged. In contrast, Mohenjodaro was far better preserved.

Shah Jahan pursued sound fiscal policies and accumulated enough money to indulge his pas sion for building. Building activity in the monarchical cultures, as in the case of earlier rulers, was the most visible and tangible sign of dynastic power, wealth, and prestige. In the case of Muslim rulers, it was also considered an act of piety. In 1648, the court, army, and household moved from Agra to the newly completed imperial capital, Shahjahanabad. It was a new addi tion to the old residential city of Delhi, with the Red Fort, Jama Masjid, a tree-lined esplanade with Chandni Chowk.

Read the following passage and answer the next five questions based on it.
Transition Series Elements:

Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn

Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd

La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg

In any transition series, as we move from left to right the d-orbitals are progressively filled and their properties vary accordingly.

f-block Elements:

Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

The above are the two series of f-block elements in which the chemical properties won’t change much. The 5f-series elements are radioactive in nature and mostly are artificially synthesized in laboratories and thus much is not known about their chemical properties.

In our quest to increase agricultural production during the last five decades or so, we almost totally neglected the use of compost and completely switched over to chemical fertilizers. The result is that large tracts of productive land have been adversely affected, water bodies including ground water system have suffered due to chemical contamination and demand for irrigation has been going up year after year. Farmers, in large numbers all over the country, have again started using compost made from organic wastes of different types. In certain parts of the country, cattle are maintained only because they produce dung which is an important fertilizer and soil conditioner.
Earthworms can convert organic matter into compost faster than the normal composting process. This process is now being widely used. Indirectly, the civic authorities are benefitted too as they have to dispose reduced quantity of waste.

India had an independent economy before the advent of the British rule. Though agriculture was the main source of livelihood for most people, yet, the country’s economy was characterised by various kinds of manufacturing activities. India was particularly well known for its handicraft industries in the fields of cotton and silk textiles, metal and precious stone works etc. These products enjoyed a worldwide market based on the reputation of the fine quality of material used and the high standards of craftsmanship seen in all imports from India. The economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India were concerned more with the protection and promotion of the economic interests of their home country than with the development of the Indian economy. Such policies brought about a fundamental change in the structure of the Indian economy — transforming the country into a supplier of raw materials and consumer of finished industrial products from Britain. Obviously, the colonial government never made any sincere attempt to estimate India’s national and per capita income. Some individual attempts which were made to measure such incomes yielded conflicting and inconsistent results. Among the notable estimators — Dadabhai Naoroji, William Digby, Findlay Shirras, V.K.R.V. Rao and R.C. Desai — it was Rao, whose estimates during the colonial period were considered very significant. However, most studies did find that the country’s growth of aggregate real output during the first half of the twentieth century was less than two per cent coupled with a meagre half per cent growth in per capita output per year.

Read the passage carefully and give the answer to the next five questions:
India was amongst the first countries in the world to initiate action plans and pro-grammes at a national level to attain total reproductive health as a social goal. These programmes called ‘family planning’ were initiated in 1951 and were periodically assessed over the past decades. Improved programmes covering wider reproduction-related areas are currently in operation. Creating awareness among the people about various reproduction-related aspects and providing facilities and support for building up a reproductively healthy society are the major tasks under these programmes.

Read the passage carefully and give the answers to the next five questions:
Does the number of species in a community really matter to the functioning of the ecosystem? This is a question for which ecologists have not been able to give a definitive answer. For many decades, ecologists believed that communities with more species generally tend to be more stable than those with less species. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) (2004), the total number of plant and animal species described so far is more than1.5 million.

Read the given passage carefully and answer the five questions that follow.
Cottage industry is the smallest manufacturing unit. The artisans use local raw materials and simple tools to produce everyday goods in their homes with the help of their family members or part-time labour. Finished products may be for consumption in the same household or for sale in local (village) markets. Capital and transportation do not wield much influence as this type of manufacturing has low commercial significance and most of the tools are devised locally. Some common everyday products produced in this sector of manufacturing include foodstuff, fabrics, mats, containers, tools, furniture, shoes and figurines of wood from the forest, shoes, thongs and other articles from leather, pottery and bricks from clays and stones. Goldsmiths make jewellery of gold, silver and bronze. Some artefacts and crafts are made out of bamboo and wood obtained locally from the forests.
Small scale manufacturing is distinguished from household industries by its production techniques and place of manufacture (a workshop outside the home/cottage of the producer). This type of manufacturing uses local raw materials, simple power-driven machines and semi skilled labour. It provides employment and raises local purchasing power. Therefore, countries like India, China, Indonesia and Brazil, etc. have developed labour intensive small-scale manufacturing in order to provide employment to their population.
Large scale manufacturing involves a large market, various raw materials, enormous energy, specialised workers, advanced technology, assembly line mass production and large capital. This kind of manufacturing developed in the last 200 years, in the United Kingdom, North eastern USA and Europe. Now it has diffused almost all over the world.

Read the given passage carefully and answer the five questions that follow.
Jhabua district is located in the westernmost agro-climatic zone in Madhya Pradesh. It is, in fact, one of the five most backward districts of the country. It is characterised by a high concentration of tribal population (mostly Bhils). The people suffer due to poverty which has been accentuated by the high rate of resource degradation, both forest and land. The Watershed Management Programmes funded by both the ministries of ”Rural Development” and ”Agriculture”, Government of India, have been successfully implemented in Jhabua district which has gone a long way in preventing land degradation and improving soil quality. Watershed Management Programmes acknowledge the linkage between land, water and vegetation and attempt to improve livelihoods of people through natural resource management and com- munity participation. In the past five years, the programmes funded by the Ministry of Rural Development alone (implemented by Rajiv Gandhi Mission for Watershed Management) have treated 20 percent of the total area under Jhabua district. The Petlawad block of Jhabua is located in the northernmost part of the district and represents an interesting and successful case of Government-NGO partnership and community participation in managing watershed programmes. The Bhils in Petlawad block, for example, (Sat Rundi hamlet of Karravat village) through their own efforts, have revitalized large parts of Common Property Resources (CPR). Each household planted and maintained one tree on the common property. They also have planted fodder grass on the pasture land and adopted social-fencing of these lands for at least two years. Even after that, they say, there would be no open grazing on these lands, but stall feeding of cattle, and they are thus confident that the pastures they have developed would sustain their cattle in future. An interesting aspect of this experience is that before the community embarked upon the process of management of the pasture, there was encroachment on this land by a villager from an adjoining village. The villagers called the Tehsildar to ascertain the rights on the common land. The ensuing conflict was tackled by the villagers by offering to make the defaulter encroaching on the CPR, a member of their user group and sharing the benefits of greening the common lands/pastures.

On the basis of the information given in the case, answer the next five questions.
”Just Foodie” is a food chain offering different snacks like chips, biscuits, Choco chip cookies, cakes, etc. through their own retail outlets. To make their products available to customers at the right time and right place, they are also selling their products to grocery stores in addition to their own outlets. The taste, quality, and packing are given utmost care. They are offering good quality, so they are able to charge higher prices than their competitors. To increase their sales, they are using different offers like: Free gifts, Cash backs, etc. They are offering discounts to customers on various occasions. All these considerations have made "Just Foodie” a complete success, and they are able to win over different competitors in the market, and their market share is rising continuously.

On the basis of the information given in the case, answer the next five questions.
A Maharatna Company, Indian Oil Indian Oil is India’s largest commercial organisation. It is the top-ranked Indian company in the Fortune ‘Global 500’ listings (2017). Indian Oil’s vision is driven by a group of dynamic leaders, who have made it a name to reckon with. With an over 34,000 strong workforce, a Maharatna Company, Indian Oil has been helping to meet India’s energy demands and reaching petroleum products in every part of India for over five decades.It plans to increase its business operations all around the world. The company plans to invest 20,000 crore in 2017 – 18 acquisitions and plans to expandoverseas. The company is always believed to be ahead of the demand. Last year too, IOC had invested close to 20,000 crore, including around 16,000 crore in various Indian projects and on acquisition for upstream in Russia. The company believed that if the goals are well defined, employees are aware of what the organisation has to do and what they must do to achieve those goals. Changes or events cannot be eliminated, but they can be anticipated and managerial responses to them can be developed. Policy formation serves as the basis of coordinating the activities and efforts of different divisions, departments and individuals. It helps in avoiding confusion and misunderstanding. Manager can look into the future and make a choice from amongst various alternative courses of action.

The number \(0.4\overline{23}\) converted to a fraction, then it is equal to:

Arrange the following inter personal physical distance in the increasing sequence
A. Social distance
B. Intimate distance
C. Personal distance
D. Public distance
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: