Question

Complete the sentence:
The research study referred to in the given passage claims that the daily consumption of five servings of a variety of fruits and vegetables______.

• A. Can keep us satisfied and make us immortal.
• B. Can lower the risk of disease and increase life-span.
• C. Can make people completely disease free and invincible.
• D. Is an age-old guideline to cure infertility.
• A. Vegetables have more vitamins and minerals
• B. Vegetables are more fibre-rich as compared to fruits
• C. Vegetables are lower in calories and sugar
• D. Fruits are not a healthy option
• A. 2
• B. 24
• C. 26
• D. 30
• A. We must consume a variety of fruits and vegetables as they are high in nutritive value.
• B. Peas, corn and potatoes are associated with lower mortality rate.
• C. Fruit juices have high glycaemic index and are not associated with lower risk of death.
• D. Consuming fruit juices and starchy vegetables can heighten the risk of chronic diseases.
• A. Only fruit juices
• B. Only peas, corn, and potatoes
• C. A combination of fruits and vegetables
• D. Only organic fruits
• A. Fresh fruits and vegetables are healthier than frozen or canned ones.
• B. Frozen and canned fruits and vegetables are more nutrient-rich.
• C. Fresh fruits and vegetables are good options for people who face barriers to consuming enough servings daily.
• D. Freezing and canning lowers the nutritional value of fruits and vegetables.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

The research study mentioned in the passage supports the nutritional guideline that consuming five servings of fruits and vegetables daily can lower the risk of disease and increase life-span. The study indicates that specifically eating two servings of fruits and three servings of vegetables daily results in a decreased risk of death from various diseases, such as cardiovascular disease by 12%, cancer by 10%, and respiratory disease by 35%, when compared to eating just two servings a day.

Thus, the correct completion of the sentence is: Can lower the risk of disease and increase life-span.

Answer 2

The study claims that eating five daily servings of fruits and vegetables can lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory diseases, increasing longevity.

Context: According to recent studies, a diet rich in fruits and vegetables is linked to a variety of health benefits. The study in question highlights that consuming five servings of fruits and vegetables every day can significantly reduce the risk of developing several serious health conditions.

Impact on Cardiovascular Health: Regular consumption of fruits and vegetables has been shown to lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The high levels of fiber, antioxidants, and essential nutrients in these foods help maintain healthy blood pressure, reduce cholesterol levels, and support overall heart health.

Effect on Cancer and Respiratory Diseases: A diet abundant in fruits and vegetables can also lower the risk of certain cancers and respiratory diseases. The antioxidants and phytochemicals in these foods help protect the body from harmful free radicals and support immune function.

Increase in Longevity: In addition to reducing the risk of diseases, the study suggests that this diet may also contribute to a longer life. Consuming the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of premature death, enhancing quality of life over time.

Final Thought: The study underscores the importance of making fruits and vegetables a daily part of our diet. This simple dietary change can have profound effects on our overall health and longevity.

Answer 3

The sentence can be completed as follows: 

Nutritional guidelines recommend higher consumption levels for vegetables because they are lower in calories and sugar.

This is based on the information presented in the provided passage. The passage states that although both fruits and vegetables provide essential vitamins, minerals, and fiber, vegetables have fewer calories and sugar content. Therefore, the dietary suggestion favors a higher intake of vegetables to promote health benefits like reduced risks of diseases.

Answer 4

Vegetables are lower in calories and sugar compared to fruits, making them healthier for daily consumption and regular intake.

Context: Vegetables are widely regarded as a key component of a healthy diet. They are often praised for their low calorie and sugar content, which makes them an excellent choice for those looking to maintain a balanced diet or manage their weight.

Lower Calorie Content: Compared to fruits, vegetables generally contain fewer calories, making them a great option for daily consumption without significantly affecting calorie intake. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals trying to manage their weight or maintain a healthy body mass index (BMI).

Reduced Sugar Levels: Vegetables also tend to have lower sugar content than fruits. While fruits are naturally sweet and provide important vitamins and minerals, vegetables typically offer these nutrients with much lower amounts of sugar, making them a better choice for people who need to regulate their blood sugar levels, such as those with diabetes.

Healthier for Regular Intake: Given their lower calorie and sugar content, vegetables can be consumed regularly without the risk of excessive sugar intake. They provide essential nutrients like fiber, vitamins, and minerals, which contribute to overall health and wellness.

Final Thought: Vegetables, with their lower calorie and sugar content, are an ideal addition to any diet. Their regular consumption promotes better health while allowing for greater flexibility in daily food choices.

Answer 5

The passage indicates that there were initially two studies conducted on American men and women. These two studies were combined with an additional 24 studies from around the world to create a comprehensive meta-analysis involving over 1.8 million participants. Therefore, the total number of studies included in this meta-analysis is 26.

Accordingly, the correct answer is 26.

Answer 6

The meta-analysis included data from 26 studies, combining two large U.S. studies and 24 other studies from around the world.

Context: Meta-analysis is a research method that combines data from multiple studies to provide a more comprehensive understanding of a specific topic. In this case, the meta-analysis incorporated data from a total of 26 studies, including both U.S.-based and international research.

Inclusion of U.S. Studies: The meta-analysis combined the findings from two large studies conducted in the United States. These studies likely provided valuable insights due to their sample size and relevance to the research question being addressed.

Global Studies: In addition to the U.S. studies, the meta-analysis also included data from 24 other studies conducted around the world. This inclusion of international data ensures a more diverse and global perspective on the issue, increasing the generalizability and robustness of the findings.

Final Thought: The inclusion of both U.S. and international studies in this meta-analysis strengthens the reliability of the conclusions drawn and provides a well-rounded view of the topic under investigation.

Answer 7

Upon analyzing the passage provided, we are tasked with identifying the incorrect statement from the options given about the nutritional information presented. Let us explore each option: 

• We must consume a variety of fruits and vegetables as they are high in nutritive value.
• Peas, corn and potatoes are associated with lower mortality rate.
• Fruit juices have high glycaemic index and are not associated with lower risk of death.
• Consuming fruit juices and starchy vegetables can heighten the risk of chronic diseases.

To determine the incorrect statement, we must refer back to the data in the passage:

• The passage posits that variety in fruit and vegetable consumption is essential due to their nutritive value, thereby validating the first statement.
• The passage specifically notes that fruit juices and starchy vegetables like peas, corn, and potatoes do not correlate with a lower mortality risk, which makes the second statement incorrect.
• The statement about fruit juices having a high glycaemic index aligns with the passage, supporting the third statement.
• The association of fruit juices and starchy vegetables with chronic disease risk is also supported by the passage, affirming the fourth statement.

Therefore, the statement that is incorrect based on the passage is the second one: "Peas, corn and potatoes are associated with lower mortality rate."

Answer 8

Peas, corn, and potatoes are associated with a lower mortality rate.

Context: Recent studies have shown that certain vegetables, including peas, corn, and potatoes, are linked to a reduction in mortality rates. These common foods, often part of a balanced diet, may play an important role in promoting long-term health.

Health Benefits: Peas, corn, and potatoes are rich in essential nutrients, including fiber, vitamins, and minerals. These nutrients contribute to improved cardiovascular health, digestion, and overall well-being, which could explain the association with lower mortality rates.

Potential Impact on Mortality: Regular consumption of these foods may reduce the risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease and diabetes, which are major contributors to higher mortality rates. By including these foods in a balanced diet, individuals may experience enhanced health outcomes and longevity.

Final Thought: The association between peas, corn, and potatoes with a lower mortality rate underscores the importance of incorporating nutrient-rich vegetables into one's diet for better health and longevity.

Answer 9

To fulfil the nutrients and antioxidant requirement of the human body, the best dietary choice is to consume a combination of fruits and vegetables. This is supported by the following points from the passage: 

• The "Five a Day" guideline suggests consuming five daily servings of different fruits and vegetables, which is linked to longevity.
• Consuming two fruits and three vegetables daily leads to a significant reduction in mortality risks from various diseases.
• Variety is crucial because different fruits and vegetables provide a diverse range of beneficial nutrients and antioxidants.
• Fruit juices and starchy vegetables do not contribute to reduced disease risk due to their higher glycaemic load.
• Fresh, frozen, or canned fruits and vegetables are viable options, ensuring versatility and nutrient preservation.

Thus, to achieve a balanced intake of nutrients and antioxidants, incorporating a variety of fruits and vegetables into the diet is recommended over the other options provided.

Answer 10

A combination of fruits and vegetables is essential to meet nutrient and antioxidant requirements, as different fruits and vegetables provide different nutrients.

Context: A balanced diet that includes both fruits and vegetables is key to obtaining a wide range of nutrients and antioxidants. Each fruit and vegetable contains unique vitamins, minerals, and compounds that contribute to overall health and well-being.

Importance of Nutrients: Fruits and vegetables are rich in essential nutrients like vitamins (e.g., vitamin C, vitamin A), minerals (e.g., potassium, magnesium), and dietary fiber. These nutrients are critical for maintaining bodily functions, improving immune health, and promoting digestion.

Role of Antioxidants: Different fruits and vegetables also provide varying types of antioxidants, such as flavonoids and carotenoids, which help combat oxidative stress and reduce the risk of chronic diseases like cancer and heart disease. By combining a variety of fruits and vegetables, individuals ensure they are getting a broad spectrum of these protective compounds.

Final Thought: The combination of different fruits and vegetables in our diet is not only essential for meeting our nutritional needs but also for providing a diverse array of antioxidants that support long-term health and disease prevention.

Answer 11

To determine the correct statement from the given options, we need to analyze the key information from the passage:
The passage emphasizes the importance of consuming five servings of fruits and vegetables daily as part of a healthy diet. It also highlights the benefits of a varied intake to reduce risks of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory illness.
A crucial point mentioned is that fresh, frozen, or canned fruits and vegetables are viable options for meeting the necessary daily intake. The passage confirms that freezing and canning preserve nutrients, often making these options more nutrient-dense than fresh produce.
Analyzing the given options: 

• Option 1: "Fresh fruits and vegetables are healthier than frozen or canned ones." This is incorrect as the passage states that frozen and canned can be more nutrient-dense.
• Option 2: "Frozen and canned fruits and vegetables are more nutrient-rich." This statement directly aligns with the passage, which mentions that freezing and canning methods preserve nutrients.
• Option 3: "Fresh fruits and vegetables are good options for people who face barriers to consuming enough servings daily." This contradicts the passage since frozen and canned options are viable for those with barriers like cost and access.
• Option 4: "Freezing and canning lowers the nutritional value of fruits and vegetables." This is false per the passage, which affirms the nutrient-preserving capability of these methods.

The correct answer is: Frozen and canned fruits and vegetables are more nutrient-rich.

Answer 12

The passage states that freezing and canning preserve nutrients, making them more nutrient-rich than fresh produce.

Context: The passage highlights the benefits of freezing and canning as methods of food preservation. These techniques help retain the nutrients in fruits and vegetables, often making them more nutrient-rich than their fresh counterparts, which can lose nutrients during transport or storage.

Freezing and Nutrient Retention: Freezing is known to preserve the vitamins and minerals in food because it prevents the breakdown of these nutrients over time. Freezing often locks in nutrients soon after harvest, making frozen produce just as, or sometimes more, nutrient-dense than fresh produce.

Canning and Nutrient Preservation: Canning, while it may involve heat, can also preserve many nutrients, especially when done properly. The process helps to prevent nutrient loss by sealing in vitamins and minerals, although some water-soluble vitamins like vitamin C may be slightly reduced during the heating process.

Final Thought: Both freezing and canning offer significant benefits for preserving the nutritional value of produce, ensuring that they remain nutrient-rich options throughout the year, even when fresh produce may be out of season or harder to obtain.