List of top Biotechnology Questions

Compare the techniques of FISH with Microarray in terms of principle and applications.
Give any two drawbacks of animal cell culture in vitro.}
Name the technique that helps to study the entire protein profile from a given cell type. Briefly explain the principle of this method.
Assertion (A): The exact chemical composition of complex microbial growth media is known.
Reason (R): Complex nutrient media is used when specific growth requirement of a microorganism is unknown.
Assertion (A): During plant tissue culture, the explants are treated with sodium hypochlorite.
Reason (R): Sodium hypochlorite helps in acclimatization of the regenerated plants.
Assertion (A): Some experts believe that there must be more than 30,000 genes in human genome.
Reason (R): Unreliability of in silico gene prediction is responsible for reporting lesser number of genes in human genome.
________________________ cultures can be maintained for a prolonged period of time by repeated sub-culturing.
Assertion (A): The regulation of pH is essential for survival of mammalian cells.
Reason (R): Animal cell cultures mostly make use of Bicarbonate – carbon dioxide buffering system to maintain pH.
When a transgene from a Genetically Modified crop escapes through pollen to a related plant species, it is known as:
Embryonic stem cells derived from the blastocyst stage of the embryo are ________________________ in nature.
An example of secondary metabolites produced by microbial cells include:
A protein ion with a molecular weight of 10,000 Daltons carried a charge of 5+ and was subjected to mass spectrometric analysis. Calculate its mass to charge ratio.
Identify the vector that infects E. coli cells containing F-plasmid and that has a single-stranded circular genome:}
Artificial seeds are produced by encapsulating the somatic embryos at the ______________ stage in a protective coating.
Severe combined immunodeficiency disease is caused due to the absence of:
Single nucleotide polymorphisms usually occur in ______________ regions.
The peptide hormones and growth factors to promote healthy growth of animal cells in vitro are often derived from:}
The natural source of enzyme barnase and barstar, a system used to achieve male sterile plant is:
Virus-mediated transfer of host DNA from one cell to another cell is known as:
The Phase in which two identical copies of DNA are formed is:
The Phase in which two identical copies of DNA are formed is:
Virus mediated transfer of host DNA from one cell to another cell is known as:

E. coli cultivated at 298 K uptakes an uncharged compound (A) by passive diffusion. The intracellular and extracellular concentrations of A are 0.001 M and 0.1 M, respectively. If \(R=1.9872\ \mathrm{cal\ mol^{-1}\ K^{-1}}\), the free-energy change (in \(\mathrm{kcal\ mol^{-1}}\)) for this passive diffusion of A (rounded off to two decimal places) is ________________.

E. coli is cultivated in a chemostat operated at a dilution rate of 0.2 h\(^{-1}\). The values of biomass yield due to oxygen consumption and the steady state biomass concentration are 0.2 g g\(^{-1}\) and 10 g L\(^{-1}\), respectively. The oxygen transfer rate (in g L\(^{-1}\) h\(^{-1}\)) is ____________.

A dNTP master-mix is prepared by combining \(40~\mu\text{L}\) of each \(20~\text{mM}\) dNTP stock (dATP, dCTP, dGTP and dTTP). \(4~\mu\text{L}\) of this dNTP master-mix is added to a PCR mix and the final volume is adjusted to \(50~\mu\text{L}\). The concentration (in \(\mu\text{M}\)) of total dNTPs in the PCR mix is ________________.