Step 1: Understanding Suppressive Cytokines
Suppressive cytokines help regulate the immune system by dampening immune responses and preventing excessive inflammation.
Step 2: Evaluating the Options
- IL-1: Pro-inflammatory cytokine, not suppressive.
- IL-2: Stimulates T-cell proliferation, pro-inflammatory.
- IL-10: Correct, IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that suppresses immune responses.
- IL-12: Stimulates Th1 response, pro-inflammatory.
Step 3: Conclusion
IL-10 is the key suppressive cytokine in immune regulation.
List I: Fermentation Products | List II: Strain used | ||
A | Mast cells | I | Clostridium tetani |
B | Lymphocytes | II | Brevibacterium sp. |
C | T-cells | III | Leuconostac mesenteroids |
D | Monocytes- Macrophages | IV | Bacillus subtillis |
V | Streptomyces olivaceus |
A closed-loop system has the characteristic equation given by: $ s^3 + k s^2 + (k+2) s + 3 = 0 $.
For the system to be stable, the value of $ k $ is: