List of top Questions asked in GATE Ecology and Evolution

For a regular polygon having 10 sides, the interior angle between the sides of the polygon, in degrees, is:

The number of students passing or failing in an exam are shown in the bar chart. Students who pass do not appear again. Students who fail must reappear the next year and always pass in their second attempt. Find the number of students who took the exam for the first time in Year 2 and Year 3.

Seven cars P, Q, R, S, T, U and V are parked in a row not necessarily in that order. The cars T and U should be parked next to each other. The cars S and V also should be parked next to each other, whereas P and Q cannot be parked next to each other. Q and S must be parked next to each other. R is parked to the immediate right of V. T is parked to the left of U. Based on the above statements, the only INCORRECT option is:

Let $X$ be a continuous random variable denoting the temperature measured. The range of temperature is $[0, 100]$ degree Celsius and the probability density function of $X$ be $f(x) = 0.01$ for $0 \le X \le 100$. The mean of $X$ is $\underline{\hspace{2cm}}$

In the figure, each inside square is formed by joining the midpoints of the sides of the next larger square. The area of the smallest shaded square is to be found. The outermost square has a side length of 10 cm.

The importance of sleep is often overlooked by students when they are preparing for exams. Research has consistently shown that sleep deprivation greatly reduces the ability to recall the material learnt. Hence, cutting down on sleep to study longer hours can be counterproductive. Which one of the following statements is the CORRECT inference from the above passage?

Oasis is to sand as island is to $\underline{\hspace{1cm}}$. Which one of the following options maintains a similar logical relation in the above sentence?

Which one of the following numbers is exactly divisible by $\left(11^{13}+1\right)$?

A transparent square sheet shown above is folded along the dotted line. The folded sheet will look like $\underline{\hspace{2cm}}$.

The people $\underline{\hspace{2cm}}$ were at the demonstration were from all sections of society.

In cooperatively breeding animals, offspring from one year stay back and help their parents to rear offspring born in successive breeding episodes. Kin selection has been used to explain such helping behaviour. Which of the following support the kin selection hypothesis?

Which one (or more) of the following genetic processes is/are likely to be affected by the disruption of codon usage bias in highly expressed genes?

Which of the following is/are necessary condition(s) for natural selection to shape limb lengths in a population?

Which of the following is/are possible reason(s) for linkage disequilibrium between alleles at two loci?

Metabolism includes the processes of catabolism and anabolism. Select the anabolic process(es).

SARS-CoV-2 is hypothesised to have jumped from bats to pangolins before infecting humans. Which one (or more) of the following methods can be effectively used for testing this hypothesis?

Which one (or more) of the following conservation actions would NOT benefit native species?

All octopi dream every night, and sometimes change colour while dreaming. A student hypothesises that octopi change colour only when they dream about the food they ate that day. To test this hypothesis, the student conducts an experiment with two treatments that are randomly ordered, and separated by 2 days. In one treatment, she places 10 octopi in individual tanks in captivity and provides each one with a large crab to eat during the day. She then records the dream state colour of these octopi that night. Which one (or more) of the following would be an appropriate NEGATIVE control to test this hypothesis?

The IUCN Red List provides information on the conservation status of different species. Match the species to their status in the table below.
\[\begin{array}{|c|c|} \hline \textbf{Species} & \textbf{Status} \\ \hline \text{Tiger} & \text{Near threatened (NT)} \\ \hline \text{Great Indian Bustard} & \text{Extinct (EX)} \\ \hline \text{Passenger Pigeon} & \text{Critically endangered (CR)} \\ \hline \text{Blackbuck} & \text{Endangered (EN)} \\ \hline \end{array}\]

The following phylogeny shows how species P to T are related to each other. The branch lengths indicate the degree of evolutionary change.

The species composition of three areas is given below:
$\text{Area 1: PQR; Area 2: RST; Area 3: QRS}$
Given this information, the phylogenetic diversity of

Hunting is a major source of mortality for large frugivorous birds. These birds disperse the seeds of forest trees and are the primary contributors to forest regeneration. The graphs show the distribution of different age-classes of a frugivore-dispersed tree species at two isolated sites.

The graph shows the relationship between a variable on the x-axis and genetic diversity on the y-axis. Each point represents a species and the trend line describes the relationship across species.

Select the most appropriate variable for the x-axis.

The graph below shows how the lower limits of the elevational ranges of bird species on a tropical mountain have changed over 20 years (2000 to 2020) because of climate change. Each point below represents a bird species. Points would cluster on the dashed line if species had the same lower elevational range limits in 2000 and 2020. Given that the mountain summit is at an elevation of 3500 m (solid horizontal line), and assuming that the trend shown by the graph continues over the next 20 years, what would you expect in 2040?

Shifting cultivation is a form of agricultural practice in the hills of Northeast India, where a forest patch is cleared and cultivated for a few years, after which it is left fallow and allowed to regenerate. Succession occurs on such previously cultivated plots. Over time, the plant community should move towards which region in the graph?

The table shows a list of analysis goals (i, ii, iii) and different statistical tests (P, Q, R).