List of top Legal Studies Questions asked in CBSE Class Twelve Board Exam

Vikram, a skilled graphic designer, has been running his design studio as a sole proprietorship. Over time, his business has grown, and he started handling larger projects with higher risks. While he enjoys the simplicity of managing his sole proprietorship, he is worried about his personal liability if something goes wrong. On the advice of his friend, Vikram is considering converting his business into a One Person Company (OPC) to limit his liability and improve his business’s credibility. Based on the above case, compare Sole Proprietorship and One Person Company (OPC). Which form of business entity would be better for Vikram and why?
Explain the concept of ‘trade secrets’ in intellectual property law. Discuss the legal protection provided to trade secrets under Indian law. How do these protections differ from patents and copyrights in terms of duration and scope?
Give any two differences between Fundamental Rights and Human Rights.
Sneha started a beauty care brand called “Glow Essence”, offering organic skin care products. Within a year her brand gained popularity for its quality and natural ingredients. However, Sneha discovered that another company was selling low quality skin care products under a similar name leading to confusion among customers. This damaged her brand’s reputation. On consulting a legal expert Sneha learned that “Glow Essence” is a trade name and not a trade mark. She initiated the registration process. (i) Differentiate between a trade name and a trade mark.
(ii) Explain how registration of “Glow Essence” benefits Sneha.
In a juveniles custodial home, several juveniles report being subject to harsh disciplinary measures, including excessive physical punishment and prolonged isolation. Some also mentioned that their complaints about inadequate food and unsanitary living conditions are being ignored by the school administration. Identify the national body which can be approached. How can this body address the violation of the rights of juveniles?
Explain the term ‘legal aid’. Why is it important for every legal system to provide for legal aid? Discuss the provisions in the Indian Constitution that have paved way for the various provisions of legal aid in India.
The countries of Novara and Elderia are in a dispute over the construction of a dam on the river Nelara – with Elderia bringing the case to the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Novara argues that past ICJ rulings in similar cases should guide the decision, while Elderia insists on a fresh interpretation of the law. Analyze how Articles 59, 38 and 38(1) of the Statute of ICJ would influence the court’s decision-making in this case.
With regards to the selection of panel lawyers under the NALSA Regulations, 2010, answer the questions given below:
(i) Mention the basic requirement an advocate must fulfil to be considered for empanelment.
(ii) State the composition of the selection board for empanelling advocates for High Court Legal Services Committee.
(iii) Under what circumstances can a panel lawyer be removed from any case?
(iv) When can the services of a Senior Advocate be availed by the legal services authorities?
“Independence of judiciary is vital for the respect of due process of law.” Elaborate.
What are the key principles outlined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and how do they reflect the foundational values of human dignity, freedom and equality?
How is an arbitral award both similar and different from a court pronounced judgement or order?
Name the statutory body that was constituted under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. State the two principal functions to be performed by this body.
State the features of ad-hoc arbitration.
State the significance of the Stockholm Declaration, 1972. Establish the relationship between Stockholm Declaration, 1972 and Earth Summit, 1992.
“Article 50 of the Constitution of India directs the State to take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive.” Discuss the importance of separation of powers between the judiciary and the executive. State any two provisions enumerated in Article 50 that contribute to the independence of the judiciary in India.
Mrs. Kapoor, an elderly landowner, verbally expressed her wish to transfer her agricultural land worth ₹20 Lakhs to her son Raj without any legal documentation. Her other son Aman, who has been managing the land, wants it to be transferred in his name as he had been in charge of the land. Additionally, a neighbour, Mr. Sharma, offers Aman money to buy the land directly. In the given situations, who has the right to transfer the property under the provisions of the Transfer of Property Act (TPA) 1882? State any two essentials for a valid transfer based on the scenario given above.
Riya, a law graduate in India, is exploring career options in Law beyond courtroom practice. Explain any three such opportunities available to Riya. How can she apply her legal skills in these fields?
A group of citizens in a city regularly engages in public protests against government policies. During one protest, some individuals damage public property, disrupt traffic, and use offensive language. The protestors claim that they are exercising their right to freedom of speech and expression. Is the claim by the protestors justified? How do the Fundamental Duties under Article 51A of the Constitution of India apply in this situation?
State any two key features of the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution.
Describe, citing any two examples, how the rules of advertising by lawyers differ from country to country.
During a court proceeding, an advocate finds out that their client intends to provide false evidence. What should the advocate do in this situation to adhere to their professional duty toward the court and uphold ethical standards?
State the purpose of the Legal Services Authorities (Amendment) Act 2002.
Enlist any four legal services given to any beneficiary under the provision of free legal aid.
Jai, a business owner, enters into an agreement with Sana, a government official. Jai promises to pay Sana ₹10 lakhs in exchange for her influence in securing a lucrative government contract for his company. Both parties sign the agreement and begin to execute it. Identify the nature of this agreement and discuss the legal consequences for both parties involved.
In light of the principles enshrined in Article 39A, which of the following circumstances contradicts its core objective of equal justice and free legal aid?