Question:

Name the statutory body that was constituted under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. State the two principal functions to be performed by this body.

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The CPCB plays a vital role in protecting water quality in India through advisory, monitoring, and enforcement actions under the Water Act, 1974.
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Solution and Explanation

The statutory body constituted under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 is the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).
Two principal functions of the CPCB are:
Prevention and Control of Water Pollution: To advise the central government on matters relating to the prevention and control of water pollution and to coordinate activities of State Pollution Control Boards.
Monitoring and Enforcement: To establish and operate laboratories for the analysis of water samples, collect and disseminate information related to water quality, and enforce water pollution control laws.
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