Match List I with List II. 
Match the features of planning in List I with their descriptions in List II
| List I | List II |
|---|---|
| A. Planning is Pervasive | I. It is required at all levels of management and in all departments of the organisation. |
| B. Planning is Continuous | II. It involves looking ahead and preparing for future events to the best advantage of an organisation. |
| C. Planning is a Primary Function | III. It lays down the base for other managerial functions. |
| D. Planning is Futuristic | IV. Plans are prepared for a specific period, and at the end of that period, new plans are drawn based on new requirements and future conditions. |
“Planning bridges the gap between where we are and where we want to go”. Identify the features of planning.
Aryan and Adya were partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3 : 1. Their Balance Sheet on 31st March, 2024 was as follows :
Balance Sheet (Before Dev's Admission)
| Liabilities | Amount (₹) | Assets | Amount (₹) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Capital: Aryan | 3,20,000 | Machinery | 3,90,000 |
| Capital: Adya | 2,40,000 | Furniture | 80,000 |
| Workmen’s Compensation Reserve | 20,000 | Debtors | 90,000 |
| Bank Loan | 60,000 | Less: Provision for Doubtful Debts | (1,000) |
| Creditors | 48,000 | Net Debtors | 89,000 |
| Stock | 77,000 | ||
| Cash | 32,000 | ||
| Profit and Loss A/c | 20,000 | ||
| Total | ₹6,88,000 | Total | ₹6,88,000 |
(a) (i) Import substitution policy, if not applied carefully, can be a double-edged sword for any economy. Do you agree with the given statement? Justify your answer with valid arguments.
(ii) State how multilateral trade is different from bilateral trade.
OR
(b)
(i) Discuss briefly, causes and consequences of the tax reforms initiated during economic reforms in India.
(ii) Give one example each of a Navratna and a Maharatna company in the public sector in India.