$\log _e2$
\[ \lim_{n \to \infty} \sum_{r=1}^{n} \frac{1}{r + r} = \lim_{n \to \infty} \sum_{r=1}^{n} \frac{1}{1 + r} \] Using integration approximation: \[ \int_1^n \frac{dx}{1 + x} = [\ln(1 + x)]_1^n = \ln(1+n) - \ln(2) \approx \log 2 \]
Let $ f: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} $ be a twice differentiable function such that $$ f''(x)\sin\left(\frac{x}{2}\right) + f'(2x - 2y) = (\cos x)\sin(y + 2x) + f(2x - 2y) $$ for all $ x, y \in \mathbb{R} $. If $ f(0) = 1 $, then the value of $ 24f^{(4)}\left(\frac{5\pi}{3}\right) $ is:
A function's limit is a number that a function reaches when its independent variable comes to a certain value. The value (say a) to which the function f(x) approaches casually as the independent variable x approaches casually a given value "A" denoted as f(x) = A.
If limx→a- f(x) is the expected value of f when x = a, given the values of ‘f’ near x to the left of ‘a’. This value is also called the left-hand limit of ‘f’ at a.
If limx→a+ f(x) is the expected value of f when x = a, given the values of ‘f’ near x to the right of ‘a’. This value is also called the right-hand limit of f(x) at a.
If the right-hand and left-hand limits concur, then it is referred to as a common value as the limit of f(x) at x = a and denote it by lim x→a f(x).