List of top Anthropology Questions asked in CUET (UG)

Social change refers to changes that have taken place in the structure of a society, including changes in social relationships, social institutions, social values and social interaction. Cultural changes occur through modifications of the elements and pattern of a cultural system, and include changes in the traditions, beliefs, religions, norms, values, customs and practices. The important approaches for studying social-cultural changes are evolutionary, structural, dialectical and historical. The factors responsible for social-cultural changes are demographic, technological, cultural, economic, political, legal and ecological factors. Cultural factors influence socio-cultural changes through the exchange of ideas, knowledge and values. One society adopts cultural traits of another society through war, attack, defeat, or the fulfillment of its right requirements. The geographical regions and natural resources also influence social change. Social mobility means the movement of people from one social status to another social status or from one position to another position is considered to be an important factor in changes in society. Caste mobility is an example of social mobility, which has been influenced by education and constitutional privileges. Occupational mobility envisages changes in traditional occupation by adopting modern occupation, irrespective of caste barriers, it helps the caste society develop into new social strata. The different factors that cause social mobility include Sanskritisation, Westernization, urbanization, industrialization, modernization and globalization. The 'Sanskritisation' and 'Westernisation' are the important cultural factors that influence the socio-cultural changes of India.

The Tribal population in India increased over the years and their number is enumerated as 104,281,034 in 2011 census, constituting 8.6% of the total population. The tribal communities in India include major central Indian tribal groups like Bhil, Gond, Munda, Santhal, Oraon and it also includes smaller Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups like Andamanese, Jarwa, Onge, Shompen. Historically several challenges were posed by encroachments of outsiders (dikus) in the tribal areas. The tribals agitated not just against British officials but also against all their supporters including the landlords, merchants and moneylenders and hence all of them were targeted. One such revolt called Santhal Hul occurred in the regions of present-day Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal against the British as well as the Zamindari system from 1855 until 1856 when the movement was crushed by the British. One of the most well-known revolutions against the pervasive British Rule in the nation was the early Munda revolt. The Mundas inhabited the Chotanagpur area. This uprising is also known as the Ulgulan revolt (great commotion) lead by an able and charismatic leader in dharti aaba Birsa Munda. Rampa Rebellion (1922-1924), which took place in the present-day Andhra Pradesh districts of Vishakhapatnam and East Godavari. Alluri Sitarama Raju was the leader of the Rampa rebellion. More recent Tribal movements seek to preserve the land rights, culture, and identity of India’s indigenous people. The Narmada Bachao Andolan and Chipko Movement exemplify the intersection of tribal and environmental justice, raising awareness of the significance of Jal, Jangal and Jameen.