Question

Match List-I with List-II \[ \begin{array}{|l|l|} \hline \textbf{Concept} & \textbf{Proposed by} \\ \hline (A) \; \text{Animism} & (I) \; \text{R R Marett} \\ \hline (B) \; \text{Animatism} & (II) \; \text{Emile Durkheim} \\ \hline (C) \; \text{Naturalism} & (III) \; \text{E B Tylor} \\ \hline (D) \; \text{Totemism} & (IV) \; \text{Max Muller} \\ \hline \end{array} \] Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (III), (B) - (II), (C) - (I), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II)
• (A) - (I), (B) - (IV), (C) - (II), (D) - (III)

Hint:

Each scholar's work on religion contributed to the understanding of human beliefs, ranging from animism (spirit belief) to totemism (symbolic connections with animals).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

The concepts listed in the question are associated with different scholars who proposed theories related to religion and cultural anthropology.
- Animism (A): The belief that spirits inhabit objects and nature, proposed by E B Tylor (III), who is considered the father of the theory of animism.
- Animatism (B): The belief that objects possess spiritual power, but not necessarily spirits, was proposed by R R Marett (I).
- Naturalism (C): The belief that natural phenomena can be explained by natural laws rather than supernatural forces was proposed by Max Muller (IV), a linguist and scholar of religion.
- Totemism (D): The belief that humans are connected to specific animals or plants as ancestors or protectors was proposed by Emile Durkheim (II), who explored social cohesion and religious beliefs.
Step 1: Matching the concepts with the scholars.
- Animism is best associated with E B Tylor (III), who studied the belief in spirits.
- Animatism is associated with R R Marett (I), who introduced the idea of spiritual power in nature.
- Naturalism is linked with Max Muller (IV), who emphasized rational explanations for natural phenomena.
- Totemism is associated with Emile Durkheim (II), who studied the role of totems in societal structure and religion.
Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{The correct answer is (3) (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II).}} \]