A sample of gas at temperature $T$ is adiabatically expanded to double its volume The work done by the gas in the process is (given, \(\gamma=\frac{3}{2}\))
Minerals are the naturally occurring, homogeneous inorganic solid substances. They are having a definite chemical composition and crystalline structure, hardness and color. For example, copper pyrite, calamine, etc.
Impurities in an ore are called gauge. The removal of a gauge from the ore is called concentration ore.
Several steps are involved in the extraction of pure metal from ores. Major steps are as follows –