The chemical substances produced by some microbes which can kill or retard the growth of other microbes are known as:
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Antibiotics revolutionized medicine by providing effective treatments for bacterial infections.
- Statins
- Streptokinases
- Cyclosporins
- Antibiotics
The Correct Option is D
Approach Solution - 1
The chemical substances produced by microbes that kill or inhibit other microbes are known as Antibiotics.
(A) Statins - Incorrect: These are cholesterol-lowering drugs produced by fungi.
(B) Streptokinases - Incorrect: These are clot-dissolving enzymes, not antimicrobials.
(C) Cyclosporins - Incorrect: These are immunosuppressants used in organ transplants.
(D) Antibiotics - Correct: Substances like penicillin specifically target microbial growth.
The correct answer is (D) Antibiotics, first discovered by Alexander Fleming from Penicillium fungus.
Approach Solution -2
Antibiotics are substances produced by certain microorganisms (like fungi or bacteria) that inhibit or kill the growth of other microbes. They are commonly used in medicine to treat infections.
- Statins are used to lower cholesterol, not for microbial growth inhibition.
- Streptokinases are enzymes used to break down blood clots.
- Cyclostatins are not a commonly recognized class of antimicrobial substances.
Thus, the correct answer is Option (D) as antibiotics are the substances that inhibit microbial growth.
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\[ \begin{array}{|l|l|} \hline \textbf{LIST I (Pathogen)} & \textbf{LIST II (Detection methods)} \\ \hline A. \ \text{Legionella} & I. \ \text{Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or EIA for detection of P-24} \\ B. \ \text{HIV} & II. \ \text{Cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) Gene Xpert} \\ C. \ \text{Mycobacterium} & III. \ \text{Urinary antigen test} \\ D. \ \text{Salmonella typhi} & IV. \ \text{Widal test for antibody against both O and H antigens} \\ \hline \end{array} \]Match the LIST-I (Microbial pathogen) with LIST-II (Clinical syndromes):
\[ \begin{array}{|l|l|} \hline \textbf{LIST I (Microbial pathogen)} & \textbf{LIST II (Clinical syndromes)} \\ \hline A. \ \textbf{Haemophilus aegyptius} & I. \ Upper respiratory tract infection \\ B. \ \textbf{Haemophilus influenzae} & II. \ Pneumonia \\ C. \ \textbf{Haemophilus ducreyi} & III. \ Conjunctivitis \\ D. \ \textbf{Haemophilus haemolyticus} & IV. \ Chancroid (STD) \\ \hline \end{array} \]
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