When comparing bond dissociation energies:
• Consider bond length: shorter bonds generally have higher bond energy.
• Check for lone pair-lone pair repulsions, which can weaken bonds, as seen in F2.
Cl2
I2
F2
Br2
- Bond dissociation energy is the energy required to break a bond in a molecule. - The bond energy order for halogens is:
\(Cl_2 > Br_2 > F_2 > I_2.\)
- Although F2 has a shorter bond length than Cl2, the bond energy of F2 is lower due to lone pair-lone pair repulsions. - Cl2 has the highest bond dissociation energy as it has the optimal bond length and no significant repulsions.
For a first-order reaction, the concentration of reactant was reduced from 0.03 mol L\(^{-1}\) to 0.02 mol L\(^{-1}\) in 25 min. What is its rate (in mol L\(^{-1}\) s\(^{-1}\))?
If \[ \frac{dy}{dx} + 2y \sec^2 x = 2 \sec^2 x + 3 \tan x \cdot \sec^2 x \] and
and \( f(0) = \frac{5}{4} \), then the value of \[ 12 \left( y \left( \frac{\pi}{4} \right) - \frac{1}{e^2} \right) \] equals to: