Question

If n is the number density and d is the diameter of the molecule, then the average distance covered by a molecule between two successive collisions (i.e. mean free path) is represented by :

• A. \( \frac{1}{\sqrt{2 n \pi d^2}} \)
• B. \( \sqrt{2 n \pi d^2} \)
• C. \( \frac{1}{\sqrt{2 \pi d^2}} \)
• D. \( \frac{1}{\sqrt{2 n^2 \pi^2 d^2}} \)

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

The mean free path \( \lambda \) of a molecule is defined as the average distance that a molecule travels between two successive collisions. It is given by the formula:

\[ \lambda = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \pi d^2 n}, \]

where:
- \( n \) is the number density of molecules (i.e., the number of molecules per unit volume),
- \( d \) is the diameter of the molecule,
- \( \pi \) is the mathematical constant.

Explanation: The formula for the mean free path is derived from kinetic theory, considering the probability of collisions between molecules in a given volume. The factor \( \sqrt{2} \) accounts for the random distribution of molecular velocities and the likelihood of collisions occurring.

Thus, the average distance covered by a molecule between two successive collisions is represented by:

\[ \lambda = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \pi d^2 n}. \]

Therefore, the correct option is (3).