The reaction proceeds as follows: 1. \(\text{NaCN}\) reacts with the carbonyl group to form a cyanohydrin (\(\text{-CN}\) and \(\text{-OH}\) groups on the same carbon). 2. Ethanol in the presence of \(\text{H}_2\text{O}^+\) hydrolyzes the cyanohydrin to form a carboxylic acid group (\(\text{-COOH}\)) and retains the hydroxyl group. Thus, the major products are as shown in option (4), where the carboxylic acid (\(\text{-COOH}\)) and hydroxyl (\(\text{-OH}\)) groups are appropriately positioned.
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that are entirely made up of only two kinds of atoms – carbon and hydrogen. Typically, hydrocarbons are colourless gases that have very weak odours.
Mechanism of electrophilic substitution reactions:
According to experimental evidences, SE (S = substitution; E = electrophilic) reactions are supposed to proceed via the following three steps:
