Comprehension

Arrange the following in the increasing order of the property mentioned:

(i) HClO, HClO₂, HClO₃, HClO₄ (acidic strength)

(ii) MF, MCl, MBr, MI (ionic character)

(iii) HF, HCl, HBr, HI (thermal stability)

Question: 1

\(\text{HClO}, \text{HClO}_2, \text{HClO}_3, \text{HClO}_4\) (acidic strength)

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The acidic strength in oxyacids tends to increase with the rising oxidation state of the central atom, enhancing the ability of the acid to donate protons.
Updated On: Mar 4, 2025
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Solution and Explanation

Order of Increasing Acidic Strength: The acidity of chlorine's oxyacids correlates positively with the oxidation state of chlorine. Acids with chlorine in higher oxidation states have more stable conjugate bases, which enhances their acidic strength. \[ \text{HClO} < \text{HClO}_2 < \text{HClO}_3 < \text{HClO}_4 \]
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Question: 2

MF, MCl, MBr, MI (ionic character)

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The ionic character of halide bonds decreases with the increase in size of the halide ion, leading to weaker ionic bonds in larger halide ions.
Updated On: Mar 4, 2025
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Solution and Explanation

Order of Decreasing Ionic Character: The ionic character of compounds formed between metals (M) and halogens is largely determined by the electronegativity difference between the two elements. As you move down the halogen group, their electronegativity decreases, which in turn reduces the ionic character of the bond they form with metals. Consequently, the ionic character diminishes from fluoride to iodide. \[ \text{MI} < \text{MBr} < \text{MCl} < \text{MF} \]
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Question: 3

HF, HCl, HBr, HI (thermal stability)

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Thermal stability of hydrogen halides decreases as bond strength weakens down the group.
Updated On: Mar 4, 2025
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Solution and Explanation

Increasing Order of Thermal Stability: Thermal stability of hydrogen halides (HX) decreases down the group due to decreasing bond strength 
(H-F) being the strongest and (H-I) the weakest. \[ HI < HBr < HCl < HF \]

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