Question

Explain the following terms:
(a) Grafting
(b) Apomixis
(c) Polyembryony
(d) Parthenocarpy

Hint:

Parthenocarpy produces seedless fruits, while apomixis ensures genetically identical offspring.

Answer 1

(a) Grafting Grafting is a horticultural technique where tissues of two plants are joined to grow as one. The plant providing the root system is the stock, while the plant providing the upper part is the scion.
Applications: 
- Used in fruit trees like mango, apple, and citrus. 
- Helps in disease resistance and improved yield.
(b) Apomixis Solution: Apomixis is a type of asexual reproduction in plants where seeds are produced without fertilization. 
Examples: Found in some grasses, dandelions, and citrus plants. 
Importance: Maintains genetic uniformity in hybrid plants.
(c) Polyembryony Solution: Polyembryony refers to the formation of multiple embryos from a single fertilized egg. 
Examples: 
- Citrus, mango, and some gymnosperms. 
- Armadillos exhibit polyembryony in animals. 
Significance: Used in seed propagation for increased productivity.
(d) Parthenocarpy Solution: Parthenocarpy is the development of seedless fruits without fertilization. 
Examples: Banana, pineapple, seedless grapes. 
Applications: Important for commercial fruit production.