List of top Classical and Modern Western Philosophy Questions

Which of the following combinations of the idea and thinker is/are CORRECT?
Immanuel Kant makes an epistemological and a logical distinction between different kinds of propositions. In the light of this distinction, which among the following is/are CORRECT?
Which among the following statements is/are TRUE of Rene Descartes' conception of 'innate ideas'?
Which among the following is/are G.W.F. Hegel's argument(s) in claiming that Cosmic history consists in the life story of Spirit (Geist)?
Which among the following statements is/are in accordance with David Hume's description of ‘ideas’ and ‘impressions’?
Sri Aurobindo refers to a 'power' of Saccidānanda that creates the world. He writes, “...out of the Supreme Being in which all is all without barrier of separative consciousness, emerges the phenomenal being in which all is in each and each is in all for the play of existence with existence, consciousness with consciousness, force with force, delight with delight.” Which among the following concepts is/are referred to as 'power' here?
Identify the CORRECT combinations of the Buddhist philosophical schools in Group I with their respective thinkers in Group II. % Table \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|c|c|} \hline Group I & Group II
\hline (a) Mādhayamika & (i) Vasubandhu
\hline (b) Yogācāra & (ii) Nāgārjuna
\hline (c) Sarvāstivāda & (iii) Sariputta (Śāriputra)
\hline (d) Sautrāntika & (iv) Ānanda
\hline \end{tabular} \end{center} The CORRECT match is:
According to Sāṅkhya philosophy, which of the following is/are the external organs/instruments (bāhyakaraṇa)?
Which of the following statements are TRUE with regard to ‘Cultural Relativism’ as an ethical standpoint?
Read the passage carefully and answer the following question: it{“Those who want liberty must therefore have Dhamma. Now what is Dhamma, and why Dhamma is necessary? According to the Buddha, Dhamma consists in Prajna and Karuna. What is Prajna? And why Prajna? Prajna is understanding. The Buddha made Prajna one of the two corner-stones of His Dhamma because he did not wish to leave any room for superstition. What is Karuna? And why Karuna? Karuna is love. Because, without it, Society can neither live nor grow, that is why the Buddha made it the second corner-stone of His Dhamma. Such is the definition of the Buddha’s Dhamma. How different is this definition of Dhamma from that of Religion? So ancient, yet so modern is the definition of Dhamma given by the Buddha. So aboriginal, yet so original. Not borrowed from anyone, yet so true. A unique amalgam of Prajna and Karuna is the Dhamma of the Buddha. Such is the difference between Religion and Dhamma.”} – B.R. Ambedkar, “Religion and Dhamma,” in it{The Essential Writings of B.R. Ambedkar}, Valerian Rodrigues (Ed.), OUP, 2013, p. 59. From the above passage, which among the following accurately represent Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s view on Religion and Dhamma?
According to S. Radhakrishnan, in his discourse on “Intellect and Intuition,” intuitive knowledge results in which of the following?
In differentiating ‘knowledge by description' from ‘knowledge by acquaintance', which among the following is/are Bertrand Russell's account of description?
In the schema of Aristotelian categories, the assertion of a proposition in the form of 'X is a Y' shows that the statement is about:
The following is a logical explanation of a weather condition: it{For the last 10 years, the farmers of Vidarbha have noticed that whenever there is good rainfall in the Konkan region in the month of July, they receive some rain in the month of September. This year Konkan received very little rain. Hence, it may hardly rain in Vidarbha.} Which method of J.S. Mill is used here?
In Indian theories of knowledge, some schools of thought uphold that there is no self-validity of knowledge (svatah-prāmāṇya), and others accept extrinsic validity of knowledge (paratah-prāmāṇya). Which of the following schools of Indian thought accept paratah-prāmāṇya?
Patañjali in his Yogasūtra (1:7) gives his theory of valid means of knowledge (pramāṇa). Among the following, which are NOT pramāṇa(s) according to the Yogasūtra?
In the context of John Locke's distinction between ‘qualities' and 'ideas', which among the following assertions is INCORRECT?
Match the ethical frameworks in Group I with their corresponding ethical theories in Group II. % Table \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|c|c|} \hline Group I & Group II
\hline (a) Ethical Cognitivism & (i) Emotivism
\hline (b) Ethical Non-cognitivism & (ii) Prescriptivism
\hline & (iii) Descriptivism
\hline \end{tabular} \end{center} The CORRECT match is:
Which one of the following is INCORRECT about Jiddu Krishnamurti's notion of education?
Which among the following is NOT an epistemological tenet of Logical Positivism?
Which among the following propositions will be the ‘sub-contrary’ of ‘Some celestial bodies are not shining entities’?
Rāmānuja was a staunch critic of the notion of Māyā in Advaita Vedānta. In one of his seven charges against Māyāvāda, Rāmānuja questions as to where/what is the locus of Māyā/Avidyā — it cannot reside on Brahman, for Brahman is pure consciousness and knowledge, and Avidyā means ignorance. It cannot be on Jīva, because it is the creation of Avidyā. This charge against Advaita by Rāmānuja on the locus of Māyā/Avidyā is called:
According to Simone de Beauvoir's The Ethics of Ambiguity, which among the following will NOT hold regarding the notion of ‘subjectivity’?
According to Ludwig Wittgenstein, which among the following does a proposition involve in order to be a representation of the reality?
Which among the following are chief entities in the Śaiva-siddhānta?