Question

Write two measures to reduce the effects of earthquake.

Hint:

Two M’s: \textbf{Mitigation (safe buildings)} + \textbf{Management (drills, kits, SOPs)}.

Answer 1

Step 1: Earthquake–resistant construction (Mitigation).
Adopt IS codes and safe designs: light roofs, shear walls, cross-bracing, proper reinforcement/anchorage, flexible foundations (base isolation), ductile detailing; retrofit old buildings; avoid soft stories and weak masonry.
Step 2: Preparedness & response planning.
Household/community drills, drop–cover–hold practice, emergency kits, securing heavy furniture/gas cylinders, clear evacuation routes, early warning and rapid response coordination.
(Any two of the above fetch full marks.)
Step 3: Conclusion.
Combining safe construction with preparedness drastically reduces casualties and damage.