Question

Which areas are more affected by earthquake and tsunami ?

Hint:

The key to this answer is tectonic plate boundaries. For earthquakes, the most affected areas are along these boundaries on land and sea (e.g., Pacific Ring of Fire, Himalayas). For tsunamis, the most affected areas are the coasts facing these boundaries under the sea (especially the Pacific and Indian Oceans).

Answer 1

The areas most affected by earthquakes and tsunamis are directly related to the Earth's tectonic plate boundaries. 
Areas More Affected by Earthquakes: 
Earthquakes can occur anywhere, but they are most frequent and powerful in specific zones: 

\[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{Tectonic Plate Boundaries: The vast majority of earthquakes occur along the boundaries where tectonic plates collide, separate, or slide past each other. The most famous example is the Pacific Ring of Fire, an area around the Pacific Ocean basin where numerous earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. Countries like Japan, Indonesia, Chile, and the west coast of the USA are on this ring.} \\ \bullet & \text{Young Fold Mountains: Regions with young fold mountains, like the Himalayas and the Alps, are also highly prone to earthquakes. The Himalayan region is seismically active because the Indian plate is continuously colliding with the Eurasian plate.} \end{array}\]

Areas More Affected by Tsunamis: 
Tsunamis are giant sea waves most often caused by large undersea earthquakes at tectonic plate boundaries. Therefore, the areas most at risk are: \[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{Coastal Regions Bordering Subduction Zones: Tsunamis are most common in the Pacific Ocean due to the numerous subduction zones in the Ring of Fire. Coastal areas of countries like Japan, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Chile are highly vulnerable.} \\ \bullet & \text{Indian Ocean Coasts: The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami demonstrated that the coastlines of countries like Indonesia, Thailand, India, and Sri Lanka are also at high risk from undersea earthquakes in the region.} \end{array}\]
 In general, low-lying coastal areas situated near active tectonic plate boundaries under the sea are the most vulnerable to tsunamis.