Question

What are the alternative communication mediums used during natural disaster?

Hint:

For alternative communication in disasters, think of technologies that don't rely on local ground infrastructure. The most important ones to remember are Satellite Phones (for global connectivity) and HAM Radio (for reliable, independent networks).

Answer 1

During natural disasters, conventional communication networks like telephone lines and mobile networks often fail due to damage to infrastructure or network congestion. In such situations, alternative communication mediums are crucial for rescue and relief operations. Some of the main alternative mediums are: 
\[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{Satellite Phones (Satphones): These phones connect directly to orbiting satellites instead of terrestrial cell towers. This makes them highly reliable in disaster zones where local infrastructure is destroyed, as long as they have a clear line of sight to the sky. They are a primary tool for disaster management agencies.} \\ \bullet & \text{Amateur Radio (HAM Radio): Operated by licensed amateur radio operators, HAM radio is a powerful and reliable mode of communication that does not depend on the internet or cellular networks. It can be used for long-distance communication and is a vital resource for coordinating relief efforts when all else fails.} \\ \bullet & \text{Radio (AM/FM/Shortwave): Public and private radio broadcasts are essential for disseminating one-way information, warnings, and instructions to the general public over a wide area. Battery-operated radios are a lifeline for people in affected areas to receive official updates.} \\ \bullet & \text{Wireless Local Loop (WLL) and Walkie-Talkies: For short-range communication within a specific area (like a single rescue site), walkie-talkies (hand-held transceivers) are extremely useful for coordinating teams on the ground.} \end{array}\]