Question

Which of the following statements are true with reference to homology or homologous organs?
(A) Homology indicates common ancestry.
(B) Whale and Cheetah share similarities in the pattern of the bones of the forelimbs.
(C) Vertebrate heart is an example of homologous organs.
(D) Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendrils of cucurbita represent homology.

• A. (A), (B) and (D) only
• B. (A), (B) and (C) only
• C. (A), (B), (C) and (D)
• D. (B), (C) and (D) only

Hint:

Homologous organs indicate common ancestry and may have similar structures but serve different functions in different species.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding homologous organs.
Homologous organs are those that have a similar structure but different functions, indicating a common ancestry. The similarity in structure suggests that the organisms share a common evolutionary origin, even if the organs perform different roles.
Step 2: Analyzing each statement.
- (A) Homology indicates common ancestry.
This is true. Homologous organs share a common evolutionary origin, indicating common ancestry between the species.
- (B) Whale and Cheetah share similarities in the pattern of the bones of the forelimbs. This is true. The forelimbs of both whales and cheetahs share a similar skeletal structure, despite their different functions. This is an example of homologous organs.
- (C) Vertebrate heart is an example of homologous organs.
This is true. The heart structure in vertebrates is similar, even though it may serve different functions across different species. It is a homologous organ.
- (D) Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendrils of cucurbita represent homology.
This is true. Although they have different functions (protection in Bougainvillea and support in cucurbita), they both arise from the same part of the plant and are structurally similar, indicating homology.
Step 3: Conclusion.
All four statements (A), (B), (C), and (D) are true with respect to homology and homologous organs. Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{The correct answer is (3) (A), (B), (C) and (D).}} \]