An essential amino acid is one that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet.
Thus, the correct answer is Option C: Valine.
A dipeptide, “x”, on complete hydrolysis gives “y” and “z”; “y” on treatment with aqueous HNO$_2$, produces lactic acid. On the other hand, “z” on heating gives the following cyclic molecule. 
Based on the information given, the dipeptide X is:
Identify the part of the sentence that contains a grammatical error:
Each of the boys have submitted their assignment on time.
Rearrange the following parts to form a meaningful and grammatically correct sentence:
P. a healthy diet and regular exercise
Q. are important habits
R. that help maintain good physical and mental health
S. especially in today's busy world