Step 1: Understanding Passenger Cells
Passenger cells refer to the donor’s immune cells (leukocytes) present in the transplanted tissue, which can influence the recipient’s immune response.
Step 2: Evaluating the Options
- Donor leukocytes in graft tissue: Correct, these cells can affect the immune rejection process in the recipient.
- Recipient leukocytes around graft tissue: Incorrect, these are not considered passenger cells.
- Recipient dendric cells: Incorrect, these are not specifically passenger cells.
- Recipient T cells: Incorrect, they are part of the recipient's immune system.
Step 3: Conclusion
Passenger cells are donor leukocytes within the graft tissue.
A closed-loop system has the characteristic equation given by: $ s^3 + k s^2 + (k+2) s + 3 = 0 $.
For the system to be stable, the value of $ k $ is:
A digital filter with impulse response $ h[n] = 2^n u[n] $ will have a transfer function with a region of convergence.