Step 1: Understanding Pyrolysis Mass Spectroscopy
Pyrolysis mass spectroscopy is a technique that involves breaking down organic material at high temperatures and analyzing the resulting mass spectra to identify organisms.
Step 2: Evaluating the Options
- Phyla and kingdom: Too broad for pyrolysis mass spectrometry, which distinguishes organisms at a more specific level.
- Genus and species: Correct, this level of detail is where pyrolysis mass spectroscopy can differentiate organisms.
- Kingdom and species: Species is too specific when differentiating at a higher taxonomic level.
- Kingdom and Genus: Incorrect, as this is still too broad for this technique.
Step 3: Conclusion
Pyrolysis mass spectrometry can differentiate organisms primarily at the genus and species level.
A closed-loop system has the characteristic equation given by: $ s^3 + k s^2 + (k+2) s + 3 = 0 $.
For the system to be stable, the value of $ k $ is: