Washing soda, also known as sodium carbonate, is widely used in various applications:
1. It helps in removing permanent hardness of water by precipitating calcium and magnesium ions.
2. It is also used for disinfecting drinking water due to its ability to kill harmful bacteria.
3. Washing soda acts as an effective cleaning agent for domestic purposes, especially in laundry and other cleaning tasks.
Thus, the correct answer is (d) All of the above.