They are used as model organisms to study human diseases, their progression, and treatment. Example: Transgenic mice are used to study cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease.

Studying Diseases:

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
In 1981, the health workers of United States of America had become aware of the increased frequency of Kaposi’s sarcoma, cancer of the skin and blood vessels and another disease pneumocystis pneumonia, a respiratory infection caused by a protozoan. Both these diseases were very rare in the general population, but occurred frequently in more severely “immunosuppressed” individuals. This led to the recognition of the immune system disorder that was named Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). In 1983, virologists working in the USA and France had identified a causative agent for ’AIDS’, now known as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). “HIV” follows a set path to attack the human body to cause the disease.
(a) Name the group of cells the HIV attacks after gaining entry into the human body and write the various events that occur within this cell.
(b) Write the expanded form of the diagnostic test used for detecting AIDS. Write the possible treatment available for the disease at present.
(c) Mention any two steps suggested by WHO for preventing the spread of this disease.
(c) “A patient suffering from AIDS does not die of this disease but from some other infection.” Justify the statement.

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The vector for dengue fever is:

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(c) Name a species of mosquito other than female Anopheles and the disease, for which it carries the pathogen.

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(b) Studying Diseases

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Name this RNA product transcribed from the DNA that subsequently translates into a polypeptide of 400 amino acids. Mention the enzyme responsible for transcribing this type of RNA from the DNA.

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Studying Diseases:

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Questions Asked in CBSE CLASS XII exam