Based on biomolecules theory and the structure of the named compounds:
\(\alpha\)-Glucose and \(\alpha\)-Galactose are epimers, differing in configuration around one specific carbon atom.
\(\alpha\)-Glucose and \(\beta\)-Glucose are anomers, differing at the anomeric carbon.
\(\alpha\)-Glucose and \(\alpha\)-Fructose are functional isomers, as they have different functional groups.
\(\alpha\)-Glucose and \(\alpha\)-Ribose are from different homologous series.