Question:

In ruby laser, the stimulated emission is due to transition from

Updated On: Apr 13, 2024
  • any higher state to lower state
  • metastable state to ground state
  • any higher state to ground state
  • metastable slate to any lower state
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

For a ruby laser, a crystal of ruby is formed into a cylinder. A fully reflecting mirror is placed on one end and a partially reflecting mirror on the other. A high-intensity lamp is spiraled around the ruby cylinder to provide a flash of white light that triggers the laser action. The green and blue wavelengths in the flash excite electrons in the chromium atoms to a higher energy level. Upon returning to their normal state, the electrons emit their characteristic ruby-red light. The mirrors reflect some of this light back and forth inside the ruby crystal, stimulating other excited chromium atoms to produce more red light, until the light pulse builds up to high power and drains the energy stored in the crystal. In ruby laser stimulated emission is due to transition from metastable state to ground state.
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Concepts Used:

Atoms

  • The smallest unit of matter indivisible by chemical means is known as an atom.
  • The fundamental building block of a chemical element.
  • The smallest possible unit of an element that still has all the chemical properties of that element.
  • An atom is consisting of a nucleus surrounded by one or more shells of electrons.
  • Word origin: from the Greek word atomos, which means uncuttable, something that cannot be divided further.

All matter we encounter in everyday life consists of smallest units called atoms – the air we breath consists of a wildly careening crowd of little groups of atoms, my computer’s keyboard of a tangle of atom chains, the metal surface it rests on is a crystal lattice of atoms. All the variety of matter consists of less than hundred species of atoms (in other words: less than a hundred different chemical elements).

Atom
Atom

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Every atom consists of an nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons. Nearly all of the atom’s mass is concentrated in its nucleus, while the structure of the electron cloud determines how the atom can bind to other atoms (in other words: its chemical properties). Every chemical element can be defined via a characteristic number of protons in its nucleus. Atoms that have lost some of their usual number of electrons are called ions. Atoms are extremely small (typical diameters are in the region of tenths of a billionth of a metre = 10-10 metres), and to describe their properties and behaviour, one has to resort to quantum theory.