Question

Explain the characteristics of planning.

Hint:

Planning = Deciding in advance + Goal-oriented + Future-focused + Continuous.

Answer 1

Meaning: Planning is the process of
deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who will do it. It is the primary function of management.
Characteristics of Planning:

Goal-oriented: Planning focuses on the achievement of specific objectives.
Primary Function: It is the first function of management and lays the foundation for all other functions.
Future-oriented: Planning involves forecasting and looking ahead.
Continuous Process: Plans need to be revised regularly with changes in the environment.
Decision-making: Planning involves choosing the best alternative course of action.
Pervasive: It is required at all levels of management—top, middle, and lower.
Flexibility: Good planning allows adjustments in response to unexpected changes.

Conclusion: Planning reduces uncertainty, ensures proper utilization of resources, and directs efforts toward achieving goals.