| Basis | Production Concept | Marketing Concept |
| (a) Meaning | Focuses on mass production efficiency | Focuses on identifying & satisfying customer needs |
| (b) Main focus | Internal capabilities & cost reduction | Market demands & customer preferences |
| (c) Means | High-volume production, distribution | Market research, targeted promotion |
| (d) Ends | Profit through economies of scale | Profit through customer satisfaction |
Key Comparisons:
1. Historical Context: - Production: 1920s (Ford's Model T) - Marketing: 1950s (P&G's brand management)
2. Modern Examples: - Production: Generic pharmaceutical companies - Marketing: Tesla's customer-centric innovation
3. Performance Metrics: - Production: Output per labor hour - Marketing: Customer lifetime value

If vector \( \mathbf{a} = 3 \hat{i} + 2 \hat{j} - \hat{k} \) \text{ and } \( \mathbf{b} = \hat{i} - \hat{j} + \hat{k} \), then which of the following is correct?