Question

Complete the following concept map :

Hint:

6% votes + 4 states + recognition by Election Commission.

Answer 1

Social Challenges Faced by Indian Democracy

Key Challenges:

• 1. Casteism and Inequality
• 2. Communalism and Religious Conflicts
• 3. Gender Discrimination
• 4. Illiteracy and Poverty

India faces several social challenges that continue to test its democratic ideals of equality, secularism, and justice. Despite constitutional safeguards, issues like casteism, communalism, gender bias, and poverty persist, affecting participation, representation, and inclusivity in the democratic process.

1. Casteism and Inequality

Although the caste system was abolished by law, it still influences social interactions, education, and employment — particularly in rural India. Lower-caste communities, especially Dalits and Scheduled Tribes, continue to face discrimination. While affirmative action (reservations) has helped improve access to education and jobs, social prejudice and economic inequality remain widespread.

2. Communalism and Religious Conflicts

Religious intolerance and communal tensions have occasionally disrupted India’s secular framework. Incidents like the 2002 Gujarat riots highlight how religious divisions can threaten peace and unity. Communalism weakens national integration, fuels hatred, and challenges the democratic principles of secularism and equality.

3. Gender Discrimination

Gender inequality continues to be a significant barrier in Indian democracy. Women face restricted access to education, employment, and healthcare, and remain underrepresented in politics. Patriarchal norms, domestic violence, and wage disparity persist despite legal protections. Empowerment initiatives such as Beti Bachao Beti Padhao and women’s reservations in local self-governments have made progress, but full equality is yet to be achieved.

4. Illiteracy and Poverty

Illiteracy and poverty prevent citizens from fully participating in the democratic process. Lack of education leads to political ignorance, making people vulnerable to manipulation. Government programs like the Mid-Day Meal Scheme and MGNREGA aim to reduce poverty and improve literacy, but poor implementation and lack of awareness hinder their effectiveness.

\[ \text{Social challenges like casteism, communalism, gender inequality, and poverty hinder the realization of true democracy in India.} \]