List of top Atmospheric and Ocean Science Questions asked in GATE Engineering Sciences

A column of air mass extending from surface to a height of 10 km moving eastward along 30°N strikes a north-south oriented mountain range. While crossing the mountain range, the air mass acquires a relative vorticity of \( -3.65 \times 10^{-5} \, {s}^{-1} \) at the top. If the air mass maintains the same latitude and conserves potential vorticity, the height of the mountain range is ........ km. (Round off to the nearest integer.) [Assume the angular velocity of the Earth is \( 7.3 \times 10^{-5} \, {s}^{-1} \) and initial relative vorticity is zero.]
The sensible heat (SH) flux at the locations P and Q are SH\(_P\) and SH\(_Q\), respectively. The value of \( \frac{SH_P}{SH_Q} \) is .......... (in integer).
The directions of the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre and the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre are ........... and .........., respectively.
Which one of the following is the main cause of the land-sea temperature contrast that drives phenomena like sea breeze and the Indian summer monsoon?
The time period of the inertial oscillation at a location R is 1.5 times that of a particle moving at a speed of 0.5 m/s at a location S (87°E, 45°S). Which of the following is the latitude of location R? (Round off to the nearest integer)
Accumulated rainfall is often measured in mm. If the density of rain water is 1000 kg/m\(^3\) then, one mm of rain is equal to ......... kg/m\(^2\) of rain. (in integer).
Acceleration due to Coriolis force of a water parcel at a location P (67°E, 20°N) moving with a speed of 0.35 m/s is .......... \(\times 10^{-5}\) m/s\(^2\). (Round off to two decimal places)
[Assume the angular velocity of the Earth is \(7.3 \times 10^{-5}\) s\(^{-1}\))]
A rotating weather system has a tangential velocity of 100 m/s, diameter of 1 km, and located at a latitude where the Coriolis parameter is \( 10^{-4} \, {s}^{-1} \). Which one of the following statements is true about this weather system?
During which of the following times of the day is the 2 m air temperature usually the lowest at a tropical location?
At which of the following locations in the atmosphere is the anvil of a towering cumulonimbus cloud usually located?
Which one of the following is the main reason why tropical cyclones rarely form over the Bay of Bengal during the summer monsoon season?

Match the following physical phenomena from the perspective of monsoonal circulation: 

Column-1PhenomenonColumn-2Region
a)Reversal of East–West temperature gradient with seasonsiOver the tropics
b)Reversal of North–South temperature gradient with seasonsiiIndian Ocean
c)Surface cooling and deepening of mixed layeriiiOver mid-latitudes
d)Northward movement of south equatorial currentivArabian Sea
Two balls each of 5 cm in diameter are placed 200 m apart on a horizontal frictionless plane at 45° N. The balls are impulsively propelled directly at each other with equal speeds. What must be the speed in m/s so that the two balls just miss each other? (Take $\Omega = 7.29 \times 10^{-5} \, \text{rad/s}$, rounded off to two decimal places).
If the global albedo is increased from 0.3 to 0.4, the global radiative equilibrium temperature (in K) would decrease by .......... (rounded off to one decimal place). (Consider no greenhouse effect, solar constant = 1360 W/m$^2$, Stefan–Boltzmann constant = $5.67 \times 10^{-8}$ W m$^{-2}$ K$^{-4}$).
When a parcel of dry air rises at a rate of 2 cm s$^{-1}$ vertically, what should be the rate of heating per unit mass in J s$^{-1}$ kg$^{-1}$ (due to radiation, conduction, etc.) in order to maintain the air parcel at a constant temperature? (Consider $g = 9.8 \, \text{m/s}^2$, rounded off to three decimal places).
A parcel of dry air having an initial temperature of 30 °C at 1000 hPa level is lifted adiabatically. At what pressure (in hPa) its density reduces by half? (Take $C_p/C_v = 0.71$, rounded off to two decimal places).
Considering a gyre system (shown in the figure) where ‘L’ and ‘H’ represent low- and high-pressure regions along 45°N, the average slope between points ‘A’ and ‘B’ is 2.1 cm km$^{-1}$ under no-wind condition. For a steady southerly wind of 10 m s$^{-1}$ over these regions, find out the magnitude of the current velocity in m s$^{-1}$ (rounded off to two decimal places).
What will happen to the speed of a balanced flow as one moves across the isobar along a particular latitude?
The following illustration depicts the circulation pattern in the North Indian Ocean during the southwest (June–August) monsoon. Identify the markers numbered from 1–5 in the illustration and pick out the right choice.
From the following list identify the region that has low chlorophyll and low nutrients.
Choose the correct statement(s) in context to Ekman spiral from the following:
Which of the following is/are associated with winter rainfall over India?
Which among the following gases has the highest global warming potential?