List of top Questions asked in CBSE CLASS XII

Name the statutory body that was constituted under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. State the two principal functions to be performed by this body.
How is an arbitral award both similar and different from a court pronounced judgement or order?
A group of citizens in a city regularly engages in public protests against government policies. During one protest, some individuals damage public property, disrupt traffic, and use offensive language. The protestors claim that they are exercising their right to freedom of speech and expression. Is the claim by the protestors justified? How do the Fundamental Duties under Article 51A of the Constitution of India apply in this situation?
Describe, citing any two examples, how the rules of advertising by lawyers differ from country to country.
During a court proceeding, an advocate finds out that their client intends to provide false evidence. What should the advocate do in this situation to adhere to their professional duty toward the court and uphold ethical standards?
State the purpose of the Legal Services Authorities (Amendment) Act 2002.
State any two key features of the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution.
Jai, a business owner, enters into an agreement with Sana, a government official. Jai promises to pay Sana ₹10 lakhs in exchange for her influence in securing a lucrative government contract for his company. Both parties sign the agreement and begin to execute it. Identify the nature of this agreement and discuss the legal consequences for both parties involved.
Enlist any four legal services given to any beneficiary under the provision of free legal aid.
Sunil and Asha are co-founders of a tech-startup. Recently they had a contractual disagreement with their software vendor regarding the delivery timeline of a critical project. Sunil insisted on filing a lawsuit, whereas Asha suggested resolution by appointing a neutral third party who could facilitate the parties in achieving an acceptable, voluntary agreement. Sunil agreed and their matter was resolved within two weeks.
(i) Identify the method of dispute resolution adopted by Sunil and Asha.
(ii) Give any two advantages of adopting alternate dispute resolution mechanism by the parties.
A nation engages in human rights violations within its own borders, including acts of genocide against a specific ethnic group. Under erga omnes obligations, what are the legal responsibilities of the international community, even if there is no direct threat to neighbouring states?
Explain the principle of judicial review.
In light of the principles enshrined in Article 39A, which of the following circumstances contradicts its core objective of equal justice and free legal aid?
“Most accused persons do not lead defence evidence in India.” Identify the reason for this from the options given below.
Statement 1: The Evidence Law helps the judges to separate the ‘Wheat from the Chaff’.
Statement 2: The function of the law of evidence is to provide a mechanism for the investigation and trial of offenders.
Omega Builders and Delta Constructions have a dispute over project delays. The court suggests mediation, but Omega Builders is unsure if their case qualifies. According to the Afcons Infrastructure Ltd. vs. Cherian Varley Construction Co. ruling, which disputes are generally excluded from mediation?
An advantage of ............ is that there is no strict application of the procedural laws and the disputing parties can directly interact with the judges.
Statement 1: Opinio juris prevents unwanted general practice from becoming customary law.
Statement 2: Opinio juris is the belief that an action was carried out as a legal obligation.
Choose the correct option:
Mei Ling is a practicing lawyer in Hong Kong. She is considering launching a marketing campaign to attract more clients. Which of the following is a feasible option for her?
Assertion (A): A Senior Advocate is not entitled to appear in the Supreme Court without an Advocate-on-record.
Reasoning (R): Advocates-on-record are entitled to file an appearance or act for a party in the Supreme Court.
Assertion (A): The Solicitor Regulation Authority (SRA) does not impose any formal experience requirement for requalifying as solicitor in England and Wales.
Reasoning (R): It is not possible to be a barrister and solicitor.
Choose the correct option:
Ravi, at a local market, was involved in an argument with Mohan over a disputed transaction. In the heat of the argument, Ravi suddenly pushed Mohan forcefully, causing Mohan to stumble backward and fall. Mohan suffered a minor injury to his back as a result of the fall. Mohan believes that Ravi’s action was an intentional physical contact that resulted in harm, and he is considering suing Ravi for the tort of battery.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the tort of battery in this case?
From the options given below, which statement accurately describes the process of property registration in India?
In a criminal trial in a country in continental Europe, the judge, Judge Helena plays an active role in investigating the case. She questions the witnesses, evaluates the evidences presented by the parties and orders additional forensic tests. The defense lawyer, Mr. Jameson, expresses concern that the judge’s active involvement in the investigation may undermine the fairness of the trial.
In the given content, identify the probable disadvantage of the justice dispensation system that is concerning for the defense lawyer.
A company, XYZ Corp., operates a large dam to generate electricity. Due to an unforeseen design flaw the dam suddenly bursts, causing massive flooding in a nearby town. The company had taken all standard safety measures and had no knowledge of the design flaw. The affected residents sue the company for damages.
Which of the following is applicable in this instance?