Step 1: Understanding the statement.
The statement about the relationship among will, authority, and reason is attributed to Immanuel Kant, a prominent philosopher in the Enlightenment period. He believed that:
- The relationship among these elements is complex and needs to be analyzed critically.
- For Kant, reasoning about authority and will was not just a theoretical exercise, but a moral and philosophical obligation.
Step 2: Kant's philosophy.
Kant's philosophy emphasized autonomy and the role of reason in human action. He argued that human beings must exercise their rational capacities in determining how to act, especially in relation to moral authority.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is 3. Kant.
Final Answer:
\[
\boxed{\text{The correct answer is 3. Kant.}}
\]