Step 1: Understanding the book and its author.
\textit{The Second Sex} is a foundational work of feminist philosophy that explores the historical and existential role of women in society. It was written by:
- Simone de Beauvoir, who is one of the most prominent figures in existentialism and feminism.
- The book critiques the role of women as the “other” in a male-dominated society.
Step 2: Conclusion.
The correct answer is 1. Simone de Beauvoir.
Final Answer:
\[
\boxed{\text{The correct answer is 1. Simone de Beauvoir.}}
\]