The solution from the following with highest depression in freezing point/lowest freezing point is
- 180 g of benzoic acid dissolved in benzene
- 180 g of acetic acid dissolved in benzene
- 180 g of acetic acid dissolved in water
- 180 g of glucose dissolved in water
The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
To determine which solution has the highest depression in freezing point, we need to consider the colligative properties of solutions, specifically the freezing point depression.
Colligative Properties: Freezing point depression is given by the formula:
ΔTf = i · Kf · m
where ΔTf is the depression in freezing point, i is the van 't Hoff factor (number of particles the solute breaks into), Kf is the cryoscopic constant of the solvent, and m is the molality of the solution.
Analyzing Each Option:
- Option (3): 180 g of acetic acid in water. Acetic acid partially ionizes in water (i ≈ 1). The molality will be relatively high as the solvent is water.
- Option (2): 180 g of acetic acid in benzene. Acetic acid does not ionize in benzene (i = 1). Benzene has a lower Kf than water, leading to a lesser depression.
- Option (1): 180 g of benzoic acid in benzene. Similar to option (2), it does not ionize, and its effect will be limited by benzene’s lower Kf.
- Option (4): 180 g of glucose in water. Glucose does not ionize (i = 1), but its molar mass is higher, leading to a lower molality compared to acetic acid.
Conclusion: Given that acetic acid has a higher molar mass than glucose and ionizes in water, it will result in a greater freezing point depression.
Thus, the solution with the highest depression in freezing point is: 180 g of acetic acid dissolved in water.
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Concepts Used:
Solutions
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more components in which the particle size is smaller than 1 nm.
For example, salt and sugar is a good illustration of a solution. A solution can be categorized into several components.
Types of Solutions:
The solutions can be classified into three types:
- Solid Solutions - In these solutions, the solvent is in a Solid-state.
- Liquid Solutions- In these solutions, the solvent is in a Liquid state.
- Gaseous Solutions - In these solutions, the solvent is in a Gaseous state.
On the basis of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent, solutions are divided into the following types:
- Unsaturated Solution- A solution in which more solute can be dissolved without raising the temperature of the solution is known as an unsaturated solution.
- Saturated Solution- A solution in which no solute can be dissolved after reaching a certain amount of temperature is known as an unsaturated saturated solution.
- Supersaturated Solution- A solution that contains more solute than the maximum amount at a certain temperature is known as a supersaturated solution.