When 600 mL of 0.2 M HNO3 is mixed with 400 mL of 0.1 M NaOH solution in a flask, the rise in temperature of the flask is ________ × 10–2 °C.
(Enthalpy of neutralisation = 57 kJ mol–1 and Specific heat of water = 4.2 JK–1 g–1)
(Neglect heat capacity of flask)
(Enthalpy of neutralisation = 57 kJ mol–1 and Specific heat of water = 4.2 JK–1 g–1)
(Neglect heat capacity of flask)
Correct Answer: 54
Solution and Explanation
\(\text{H}^+ + \text{OH}^- \rightarrow \text{H}_2\text{O}\)
m moles 120 40 – 80 – 40
Heat liberated from reaction
= 40 × 10–3× 57 × 103 J …(1)
Heat gained by solution = \(mC\Delta T\)
Mass of solution \(m = V × d = 1000 × 1 = 1000 g\)
Heat gained by solution \(= 1000 × 4.2 × ΔT …(2)\)
From eq (1) and eq (2)
Heat liberated = Heat gained
\(40 × 10–3 × 57 × 103 = 1000 × 4.2 × ΔT\)
\(ΔT = 54 ×\) 10–2 \(°C\)
\(ΔT = 54°C\) (Rounded off to the nearest integer)
So, the answer is 54°C.
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Concepts Used:
Solutions
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more components in which the particle size is smaller than 1 nm.
For example, salt and sugar is a good illustration of a solution. A solution can be categorized into several components.
Types of Solutions:
The solutions can be classified into three types:
- Solid Solutions - In these solutions, the solvent is in a Solid-state.
- Liquid Solutions- In these solutions, the solvent is in a Liquid state.
- Gaseous Solutions - In these solutions, the solvent is in a Gaseous state.
On the basis of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent, solutions are divided into the following types:
- Unsaturated Solution- A solution in which more solute can be dissolved without raising the temperature of the solution is known as an unsaturated solution.
- Saturated Solution- A solution in which no solute can be dissolved after reaching a certain amount of temperature is known as an unsaturated saturated solution.
- Supersaturated Solution- A solution that contains more solute than the maximum amount at a certain temperature is known as a supersaturated solution.