Question

What were the main steps decided in 2005 to make the United Nation Organisation more relevant?

Hint:

Associate the year 2005 with a major UN reform drive. The three key takeaways are: Peacebuilding Commission, Human Rights Council, and Responsibility to Protect (R2P).

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question asks about the major reforms initiated by the United Nations in 2005 to address contemporary global challenges and enhance its relevance. These decisions were part of the 2005 World Summit Outcome document.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
To mark its 60th anniversary and adapt to the challenges of the 21st century, the UN held a World Summit in 2005. The member states agreed on several key reforms to make the organization more effective:


Creation of the Peacebuilding Commission: This intergovernmental advisory body was established to support peace efforts in countries emerging from conflict. Its goal is to bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and advise on integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery.

Creation of the Human Rights Council: It was decided to replace the highly criticized UN Commission on Human Rights with a new, more effective Human Rights Council. The Council was established in 2006 to be responsible for strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights around the globe.

Acceptance of the 'Responsibility to Protect' (R2P): Member states formally accepted the principle that each state has the responsibility to protect its populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. If a state fails to do so, the international community has the responsibility to intervene, first diplomatically and, if necessary, with force.

Condemnation of Terrorism: The summit outcome document included a strong and unconditional condemnation of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations.

While reform of the Security Council was also a major topic of discussion, no consensus was reached on its expansion.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The main steps decided in 2005 to reform the UN were the establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission and the Human Rights Council, and the adoption of the Responsibility to Protect principle.