Question

Suggest any two important changes to improve the functioning of the Security Council.

Hint:

Security Council reform: “Expansion” and “Veto Reform” are key to improving its legitimacy and efficiency in addressing global issues.

Answer 1

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is responsible for maintaining international peace and security. However, its functioning has been widely criticized, especially due to the veto power held by the five permanent members (P5) — the United States, United Kingdom, Russia, China, and France. Two important changes that could improve the functioning of the Security Council are: 1. Expansion of Permanent Membership:
One of the primary criticisms of the UNSC is its lack of representation of emerging powers and underrepresented regions. Currently, the P5 countries hold significant power, while countries like India, Brazil, Germany, and Japan, which are growing in global influence, are not permanent members. Expanding the number of permanent members would reflect the changing global power dynamics and make the council more representative.
2. Limiting the Veto Power:
The veto power held by the P5 members allows any one of them to block a resolution, regardless of the majority vote. This often leads to gridlock and prevents effective action on important international issues. A reform could be implemented to either limit the veto power to only vital matters or require a majority of the P5 to exercise the veto, thereby making decisions more democratic and responsive.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, expanding membership and limiting veto power are essential reforms to make the Security Council more democratic, responsive, and better equipped to address global challenges.