Question

What is the result of modernization?

• A. Emergence of new classes
• B. Industrialization
• C. Unemployment
• D. All of these

Hint:

For questions about broad societal processes like modernization, globalization, or urbanization, the effects are usually wide-ranging and cover economic, social, and political aspects. If multiple options appear to be correct results, the "All of these" option is a strong candidate.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Modernization is a comprehensive process of transformation from a traditional or pre-modern society to a modern one. It involves profound changes in a society's economy, social structure, politics, and culture. The question asks for the outcomes or results of this process.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let's evaluate each option as a result of modernization:
(A) Emergence of new classes: Modernization disrupts traditional social hierarchies. The shift towards industrial capitalism leads to the rise of new social classes, such as the industrial bourgeoisie (factory owners) and the urban proletariat (working class), while older classes like the landed aristocracy may decline. This is a key result.
(B) Industrialization: This is a core engine and a fundamental characteristic of modernization. It refers to the shift from an agrarian economy to one dominated by manufacturing and machine production. It is both a driver and a result of the modernization process.
(C) Unemployment: While modernization creates new types of jobs, it can also lead to unemployment. Technological advancements can make certain skills obsolete (structural unemployment), and the decline of traditional sectors (like agriculture) can displace workers who are not immediately absorbed into new industries. This is a common social problem associated with modernization.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Since the emergence of new classes, industrialization, and unemployment are all well-documented consequences of the modernization process, the most complete and accurate answer is 'All of these'.