Question

Which of the following factors was not considered significant during industrialisation in independent India?

• A. Development of heavy and machine-making industries
• B. Expansion of the public sector
• C. Presence of a large cooperative sector
• D. Role of coastal cities for trading purpose

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

The industrialisation process in independent India focused on several critical factors that were deemed significant for the nation's economic growth and development post-independence. Let's examine the ones considered essential and the one that was not: 

1. Development of heavy and machine-making industries: This was crucial as it laid the foundation for self-reliance and reduced dependence on imports.
2. Expansion of the public sector: After independence, the Indian government emphasized expanding the public sector to create infrastructure and drive industrial growth, which was seen as essential for developing key industries.
3. Presence of a large cooperative sector: Cooperatives were promoted to enhance productivity and economic welfare at grassroots levels, but they were not the primary focus of industrial policies.
4. Role of coastal cities for trading purpose: While important for trade, coastal cities' roles did not significantly influence the formulated industrial policies aimed at achieving self-sustaining economic growth.

In essence, the factor that was least considered significant during industrialisation in independent India was the role of coastal cities for trading purpose, as the focus was more on building internal capacities and industries.

Answer 2

During the process of industrialization in independent India, several factors were prioritized to boost economic growth and self-reliance. Let's examine each option:

1. Development of heavy and machine-making industries - This was a significant factor in India's industrialization. The government focused on heavy industries, including the establishment of steel plants, coal mining, and machine-making industries to build a self-sufficient industrial base.

2. Expansion of the public sector - The expansion of the public sector was another key focus. The Indian government took control of several industries, particularly in sectors considered critical for national development, such as energy, transportation, and manufacturing.

3. Presence of a large cooperative sector - The cooperative sector was not a major focus during the industrialization phase. While cooperatives played a role in certain areas like agriculture, they were not as central to the industrialization process as other factors such as public sector growth or heavy industries.

4. Role of coastal cities for trading purposes - The role of coastal cities was important for trade, particularly for imports and exports. Cities like Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai were critical for facilitating trade, both internally and internationally, which supported industrialization.

Thus, the correct answer is Option 3: Presence of a large cooperative sector.