The practice of applying water-soluble fertilizers, soil amendments, and other water-soluble products through an irrigation system is known as Fertigation. This method allows for the precise delivery of nutrients directly to the root zone of the plants.
Step 1: Analyze the options.
(A) Irrigation: This is the general term for the artificial application of water to land or soil; it does not specifically imply the addition of fertilizers.
(B) Sprinkler irrigation: This is a specific method of applying water that mimics natural rainfall; while fertilizers can be added, the method itself is defined by the water delivery mechanism, not the chemical addition.
(C) Fertigation: A portmanteau of "Fertilization" and "Irrigation." It specifically describes the simultaneous application of water and fertilizer.
(D) None of these: This is incorrect as option (C) is the accurate technical term.
Step 2: Conclusion.
The specific process of mixing fertilizer with irrigation water is called Fertigation. Hence, the correct answer is (C).
Final Answer:
\[
\boxed{(C) \, \text{Fertigation}}
\]