Answer the following questions:
(a) [(i)] Explain how some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans but do not kill the Bacillus.
[(ii)] How is the above mechanism exploited for the production of Bt cotton plant by biotechnologists?
(b) [(i)] Explain how the amplification of gene of interest is done using PCR.
[(ii)] State two applications of the desired amplified fragment of DNA.
The basic scheme of the essential steps involved in the process of recombinant DNA technology is summarised below in the form of a flow diagram. Study the given flow diagram and answer the questions that follow.
(a) What is the technical term used for Step 4 in the above process?
(b) Which of the given two combinations of restriction enzyme should be used in Step 1? Justify your answer.
(i) EcoR I to cut the plasmid and Hind III to cut the alien DNA.
(ii) EcoR I to cut both the plasmid and alien DNA.
Match List-I with List-II
\[\begin{array}{|l|l|} \hline \text{List-I (Soil component)} & \text{List-II (Definition)} \\ \hline (A)~\text{Azonal soils} & (I)~\text{An individual natural aggregate of soil particles.} \\ (B)~\text{Regoliths} & (II)~\text{Organisms living in the soil or ground} \\ (C)~\text{Ped} & (III)~\text{Soils have uniformity from the top-surface to the base, and do not have well-developed soil horizons.} \\ (D)~\text{Edaphons} & (IV)~\text{Zone of loose and unconsolidated weathered rock materials.} \\ \hline \end{array}\]
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Match List-I with List-II
\[\begin{array}{|l|l|} \hline \text{List I Content of humus} & \text{List II Percentage of contents} \\ \hline \text{(A) Carbon} & \text{(I) 35-40\%} \\ \hline \text{(B) Oxygen} & \text{(II) ~5\%} \\ \hline \text{(C) Hydrogen} & \text{(III) 55-60\%} \\ \hline \text{(D) Nitrogen} & \text{(IV) 15\%} \\ \hline \end{array}\]
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: