Answer the following questions:
(a) [(i)] Explain how some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans but do not kill the Bacillus.
[(ii)] How is the above mechanism exploited for the production of Bt cotton plant by biotechnologists?
(b) [(i)] Explain how the amplification of gene of interest is done using PCR.
[(ii)] State two applications of the desired amplified fragment of DNA.
The basic scheme of the essential steps involved in the process of recombinant DNA technology is summarised below in the form of a flow diagram. Study the given flow diagram and answer the questions that follow.
(a) What is the technical term used for Step 4 in the above process?
(b) Which of the given two combinations of restriction enzyme should be used in Step 1? Justify your answer.
(i) EcoR I to cut the plasmid and Hind III to cut the alien DNA.
(ii) EcoR I to cut both the plasmid and alien DNA.
In the given reaction sequence, the structure of Y would be:
Sudha and Sudhir were partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 4 : 1. On 1st April, 2023, their fixed capitals were ₹12,00,000 and ₹4,00,000 respectively. On 1st July, 2023, Sudha invested ₹2,00,000 as additional capital. On 1st August, 2023, Sudhir withdrew ₹50,000 from his capital.
The partnership deed provided for the following:
(i) Interest on capital @ 6% p.a.
(ii) Interest on drawings @ 8% p.a.
During the year, Sudha withdrew ₹60,000 and Sudhir withdrew ₹40,000 for personal use. After providing interest on capital and charging interest on drawings, the net profit of the firm for the year ended 31st March, 2024 was ₹3,50,000.
Prepare Current Accounts of Sudha and Sudhir.