Question

What is emergency contraception?

Hint:

Emergency contraception is most effective when used as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse and should not be used as a regular form of contraception.

Answer 1

Step 1: Definition of Emergency Contraception.
Emergency contraception (E refers to methods used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse or contraceptive failure (e.g., condom breakage). It is most effective when used as soon as possible after the incident.
Step 2: Types of Emergency Contraception.
(1) Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECPs):
- Levonorgestrel (Plan : A single-dose pill taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex. Most effective when taken within 24 hours.
- Ulipristal Acetate (ell: A prescription-only pill that can be taken up to 120 hours after unprotected sex. It works by delaying or inhibiting ovulation.
(2) Copper IUD:
- The copper IUD can be used as emergency contraception if inserted by a healthcare provider within 5 days of unprotected sex. It is the most effective form of emergency contraception.
- It works by preventing fertilization and implantation of the egg.
Step 3: Mechanism of Action.
Emergency contraception primarily works by:
- Inhibiting or delaying ovulation.
- Interfering with fertilization by altering the cervical mucus.
- Preventing implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus (in the case of the IU.
Step 4: Effectiveness and Timing.
- ECPs are most effective if taken within 24 hours of unprotected intercourse but can still be effective if taken up to 72-120 hours.
- The copper IUD is the most effective form of emergency contraception and can be used up to 5 days after unprotected sex.
Step 5: Side Effects and Considerations.
- ECPs may cause nausea, fatigue, headaches, or changes in menstrual bleeding.
- Copper IUD may cause cramping, spotting, or an increased risk of pelvic infection if not inserted properly.