Question

A 25-year-old lady comes for postnatal care, and you are asked to advise on contraception for this lady.

Hint:

The choice of contraception depends on the woman's health, preferences, and whether she desires a temporary or permanent method.

Answer 1

Step 1: Contraceptive Methods Overview.
Contraceptive methods are used to prevent pregnancy, and they vary in terms of effectiveness, ease of use, and side effects. The major contraceptive methods available include:
(1) Barrier Methods:
- Condoms (Male and Female): Physical barrier to sperm, also offers protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
- Diaphragms and Cervical Caps: Barrier placed in the cervix to block sperm entry.
(2) Hormonal Methods:
- Oral Contraceptives (Combined Pill or Progestin-only Pill): Pills taken daily to suppress ovulation and thicken cervical mucus.
- Contraceptive Injections: Injectable forms of progestin given every 3 months.
- Contraceptive Implants: Small rods inserted under the skin that release progestin for up to 3 years.
- Contraceptive Patch and Vaginal Ring: Release hormones to prevent ovulation, replaced regularly (weekly for the patch, monthly for the ring).
(3) Intrauterine Devices (IUDs):
- Copper IUD (Non-hormonal): A T-shaped device inserted into the uterus that prevents sperm from fertilizing the egg.
- Hormonal IUD: Releases progestin to thicken cervical mucus and prevent sperm entry.
(4) Sterilization:
- Tubal Ligation (Female Sterilization): A permanent method where the fallopian tubes are blocked or severed.
- Vasectomy (Male Sterilization): A surgical procedure to block the vas deferens.
(5) Natural Methods:
- Rhythm Method, Withdrawal (Coitus Interruptus), and Lactational Amenorrhea: Based on fertility awareness or avoiding ejaculation during intercourse.