Question

What is DNA fingerprinting? Mention its two applications.

Hint:

DNA fingerprinting was originally developed by Alec Jeffreys. He used a satellite DNA as a probe that showed a very high degree of polymorphism.

Answer 1

Step 1: DNA Fingerprinting is a technique to identify the variations in the DNA of individuals. It focuses on satellite DNA, which shows a high degree of polymorphism.
Step 2: These polymorphic regions are called Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTRs). Since every individual (except identical twins) has a unique pattern of VNTRs, it serves as a "fingerprint."
Step 3: Applications: It is extensively used in forensic science to identify criminals using samples like blood or hair, and in population genetics to study genetic diversity.